Inputs

Learn about the capabilities of the WST, the requirements on each instrument, how it compares with other facilities and how it will adapt to new technologies and needs.

The functional unit is the construction and 1-year operation of one instrument (IFU or MOS-LR or MOS-HR) delivering 3,600 hours of observation at nominal performance.
This is a comparative LCA aiming at quantifying the environmental impact of several design choices for the instrument, including two different detector types (CMOS versus CCD) and associated different cooling systems (Linear Pulse Tube versus natural refrigerant).

We include:
– The optics of the spectrographs and support
– The vacuum system – assumed to be the same for all options and instruments
– The cooling system (Linear Pulse Tube versus natural refrigerant)
– The read-out electronics, relying on NGCII for CCDs and on FPGA for CMOS.

We exclude from the analysis:
– Transport (of materials, of instruments)
– Human labour
– End-of-life processes

Goal & Scope definition for the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Design nameNumber of spectrographsNumber of detectorsDetector typeCooling system
IFU
A – CCD144288CCDLPT
A – CMOS144288CMOSCO2
B – CCD144288CCDLPT
B – CMOS144288CMOSCO2
C – CCD128256CCDLPT
C – CMOS128256CMOSCO2
D – CCD144288CCDLPT
D – CMOS144288CMOSCO2
E – CCD192384CCDLPT
E – CMOS192384CMOSCO2
F,G – CCD192384CCDLPT
F,G – CMOS192384CMOSCO2
H – CCD192384CCDLPT
H – CMOS192384CMOSCO2
I,J – CCD192384CCDLPT
I,J – CMOS192384CMOSCO2
K – CCD192384CCDLPT
K – CMOS192384CMOSCO2
MOS – LR
4×9 – CCD54216CCDLPT
4×9 – CMOS54216CMOSCO2
4x9Y – CCD54216CCDLPT
4x9Y – CMOS54216CMOSCO2
MOS – HR
Baseline – CCD832CCDLPT
Baseline – CMOS832CMOSCO2
Will – CCD1664CCDLPT
Will – CMOS1664CMOSCO2
This sheet reports the materials and masses (when possible) for the different components of the Integral Field Unit (IFU) and the two Multi Object Spectrographs (MOS) instruments.
Table 1: Linear Pulse Tube (LPT, one per detector)
ComponentMaterialMass (kg)SimaPro processesComments
He compressor housingAluminium2,5Aluminium, cast alloy {GLO}| market for aluminium, cast alloy | Cut-off, S
Metal working, average for aluminium product manufacturing {GLO}| market for metal working, average for aluminium product manufacturing | Cut-off, S
Masses & materials estimated using Cryocooler LPT9310-HP (Thales Cryogenics)
MagnetsRare-earth? NdFeB?0,5Permanent magnet, for electric motor {GLO}| market for permanent magnet, for electric motor | Cut-off, S 
CoilsCopper0,7Copper-rich materials {GLO}| market for copper-rich materials | Cut-off, S
Metal working, average for copper product manufacturing {GLO}| market for metal working, average for copper product manufacturing | Cut-off, S
 
RegeneratorStainless steel1,2Steel, chromium steel 18/8 {GLO}| market for steel, chromium steel 18/8 | Cut-off, S
Metal working, average for chromium steel product manufacturing {GLO}| market for metal working, average for chromium steel product manufacturing | Cut-off, S
 
Cold finger & tipCopper
SS
0.1
0.8
Copper-rich materials {GLO}| market for copper-rich materials | Cut-off, S
Metal working, average for copper product manufacturing {GLO}| market for metal working, average for copper product manufacturing | Cut-off, S
Steel, chromium steel 18/8 {GLO}| market for steel, chromium steel 18/8 | Cut-off, S
Metal working, average for chromium steel product manufacturing {GLO}| market for metal working, average for chromium steel product manufacturing | Cut-off, S
 
Metal tube connecting compressor & cold fingerSS0.5 (30cm)Aluminium around steel bi-metal wire, 3.67mm external diameter {GLO}| market for aluminium around steel bi-metal wire, 3.67mm external diameter | Cut-off, S 
Helium (gas)Helium (gaseous0,001Helium {GLO}| market for helium | Cut-off, S 
Table 2: Vacuum system (scaled per detector)
ComponentMaterialsMass (kg)SimaPro processesComments
vacuum unit primary & secondary pumping machine (turbomolecular type)Stainless steel and copper for the coil4/15
0.2/15
0.2/15
1/15
Steel, chromium steel 18/8 {GLO}| market for steel, chromium steel 18/8 | Cut-off, S
Permanent magnet, for electric motor {GLO}| market for permanent magnet, for electric motor | Cut-off, S
Copper-rich materials {GLO}| market for copper-rich materials | Cut-off, S
Metal working, average for copper product manufacturing {GLO}| market for metal working, average for copper product manufacturing | Cut-off, S
Aluminium, wrought alloy {GLO}| market for aluminium, wrought alloy | Cut-off, S
We assume a DESI type vacuum system, that we need two 300L/s units for 30 detectors, and we scale down to per a mass per detector
E.g. https://www.agilent.com/en/product/vacuum-technologies/turbo-pumps-controllers/turbo-pumps/twistorr-305-fs-turbo-pump
Ion pumpApproximation: 50% SS
20% titanium (cathode)
Copper & magnet 20%
15% other
0,5Steel, chromium steel 18/8 {GLO}| market for steel, chromium steel 18/8 | Cut-off, S
Metal working, average for chromium steel product manufacturing {GLO}| market for metal working, average for chromium steel product manufacturing | Cut-off, S
Titanium {GLO}| market for titanium | Cut-off, S
Copper-rich materials {GLO}| market for copper-rich materials | Cut-off, S
Permanent magnet, for electric motor {GLO}| market for permanent magnet, for electric motor | Cut-off, S
Assuming an ionic pump of 3L/S from MERCURION
Some info on material here: https://cds.cern.ch/record/454179/files/p37.pdf
And here:
https://www.vacom.net/pim/Produkte/Ionengetterpumpen/Ionengetterpumpen/Basic-Linie/PIB/%28EN%29%20VACOM%20product%20information%20MERKURION%20basic.pdf
We assume that we need one ion pump per detector.
Conductance flexible line/Coaxial cable (connection to spectro) 0,3Cable, unspecified {GLO}| market for cable, unspecified | Cut-off, S 
Table 3: Read-out electronics CCD (scaled per detector)
ComponentMaterialsMass (kg)SimaPro processesComments
Read-out electronics (MUSE type, NGCII)
For CCDs
Four NGC Detector Front Ends (DFEs) each consisting of six Front End Basic boards
(FEBs) and six Transition Boards mounted in a six-slot liquid cooled housing with thermal foam.
New General common Controller:
– PCB
– Connectors
– Housing
– 2.1/6=0.35
– 0.7/6 = 0.12
-11.2/6 = 1.87
– 2/6 = 0.33
– 10×10 cm2 PCB
– 2/6 = 0.33
– Copper-rich materials {GLO} | market | Cut-off, S
– Plastics/Thermosets/Market/Polyurethane, flexible foam {RoW}| Polyurethane, rigid foam {RoW}| market for polyurethane, rigid foam | Cut-off, S
– Aluminium, wrought alloy {GLO}| market for aluminium, wrought alloy | Cut-off, S
– Electronics/Component/Market/Intergated circuit, memory type{GLO}, market for integrated circuit, memory type | Cut-off S
– Printed wiring board, for surface mounting, Pb free surface {GLO}| market for printed wiring board, for surface mounting, Pb free surface | Cut-off, S
– Electronics/Component/Market/Electric connector, peripheral type buss {GLO}| market for electric connector, peripheral type buss | Cut-off, S
One NGC DFE (20kg) controls 6 detectors, it consists of
four Preamplifier boxes (located within 200 mm of the detector heads),
six basic boards (each containing 4 video inputs, 18 clocks, 20 biases, and various
shutter/trigger I/O),
six transition boards (plugged in from the back of the housing) that provide the
external connections (clock, bias and video) to the detector head for each of the basic
boards,
six-slot liquid cooled housing
We assume the housing represent 70% of the weight (14kg), 80% being aluminium (11.2), 5 % (0.7) of thermal foam and 15% (2.1) of pipes (heat exchanger modelled as copper)
See https://www.eso.org/sci/libraries/SPIE2012/8446-98.pdf
Table 4: Read-out electronics CMOS (per detector)
ComponentMass (kg or specified elsewise)SimaPro processes
FPGA0,05Electronics/Component/Market/Electronic component, active, unspecified {GLO}| market for electronic component, active, unspecified | Cut-off, S
PCB10×10 cmElectronics/Printed wiring board/Market/Printed wiring board, for surface mounting, Pb free surface {GLO}| market for printed wiring board, for surface mounting, Pb free surface | Cut-off, S
Memory0,33Electronics/Component/Market/Intergated circuit, memory type{GLO}, market for integrated circuit, memory type | Cut-off S
Connectors0,33– Electronics/Component/Market/Electric connector, peripheral type buss {GLO}| market for electric connector, peripheral type buss | Cut-off, S
Table 5: IFU Spectrographs mass
Optical design nameTotal mass per spectrograph (kg)
E134,85
F,G104,47
A527,17
B439,78
D295,35
C509,92
H169,85
I,J131,4
K103,1
Table 6: MOS-LR Spectrographs mass
Optical design nameTotal mass per spectrograph (kg)
4×9187,117
4x9Y184,064
Table 7: MOS-HR Spectrographs mass
Optical design nameTotal mass per spectrograph (kg)
Baseline1539
Will315
Table 8: Tailored processes created in SimaPro for different type of glasses used in the optics of the spectrographs
UnitGlass typeTemperature of changing physical stateInputsOutputsAssumptions
1 kgSilica 1 kg Silica sand {GLO}| market for silica sand | Cut-off, S
0.5 kWh Electricity, medium voltage {Europe without Switzerland}| market group for electricity, medium voltage | Cut-off, S
 Assuming waste is neglectable and the energy involved is smaller compared to Fused Silica
1 kgFused Silica 1.05 kg Silica sand {GLO}| market for silica sand | Cut-off, S
15kWh Electricity, medium voltage {Europe without Switzerland}| market group for electricity, medium voltage | Cut-off, S
0.01 kg Waste glass {Europe without Switzerland}| market group for waste glass | Cut-off, SAssuming 10 kWh from melting glass in furnace & 5 kWh extra for other processes
Assuming small waste ~1%
1 kgS-FSL5Y567℃0.6 kg Silica sand {GLO}| market for silica sand | Cut-off, S
0.2 kg Boric oxide {GLO}| market for boric oxide | Cut-off, S
0.2 kg Fluorine, liquid {RER}| market for fluorine, liquid | Cut-off, S
12kWh Electricity, medium voltage {Europe without Switzerland}| market group for electricity, medium voltage | Cut-off, S
 We take the upper percentage for each compound
The real composition is 10% fluorine only and 10% of other compounds but to simplify we merge it with Fluorine
For the energy consumption, we start from FS as upper bound and adapt given the composition and the melting temperature
Source: https://www.ohara-gmbh.com/fileadmin/user_upload/export-data/pdf/security_datasheets/S-FSL5Y_English_.pdf
1 kgS-FTM16542℃0.5 kg Silica sand {GLO}| market for silica sand | Cut-off, S
0.3 kg Titanium dioxide {RER}| market for titanium dioxide | Cut-off, S
0.2 kg Fluorine, liquid {RER}| market for fluorine, liquid | Cut-off, S
10kWh Electricity, medium voltage {Europe without Switzerland}| market group for electricity, medium voltage | Cut-off, S
 Source: https://www.ohara-gmbh.com/fileadmin/user_upload/export-data/pdf/security_datasheets/S-FTM16_Deutsch_.pdf
1 kgPBL35Y454℃0.5 kg Silica sand {GLO}| market for silica sand | Cut-off, S
0.4 kg PbO
0.1 Fluorine, liquid {RER}| market for fluorine, liquid | Cut-off, S
8kWh Electricity, medium voltage {Europe without Switzerland}| market group for electricity, medium voltage | Cut-off, S
 Source: https://www.ohara-gmbh.com/fileadmin/user_upload/export-data/pdf/security_datasheets/PBL35Y_English_.pdf
1 kgPbO 1.2 kg Lead {GLO}| market for lead | Cut-off, S
3 kWh Electricity, medium voltage {Europe without Switzerland}| market group for electricity, medium voltage | Cut-off, S
0.1 kg Lead smelter slag {GLO}| treatment of lead smelter slag, residual material landfill | Cut-off, SWe have to define the PbO process for PBL35Y as there is no lead compounds already defined in SimaPro
1kgBSL7Y616 C0.7 kg Silica sand
0.2 kg Boric oxide {GLO}| market for boric oxide | Cut-off, S
0.1 kg Aluminium oxide, non-metallurgical {IAI Area, EU27 & EFTA}| market for aluminium oxide, non-metallurgical | Cut-off, S
13kWh Electricity, medium voltage {Europe without Switzerland}| market group for electricity, medium voltage | Cut-off, S
  
1 kgPBM2Y470C0.5 kg Silica sand
0.5 kg PbO
8kWh Electricity, medium voltage {Europe without Switzerland}| market group for electricity, medium voltage | Cut-off, S
  
1 kgYAG1970 C0.45 kg Yttrium oxide {GLO}| market for yttrium oxide | Cut-off, S
0.55
 Formula: Y3Al5O12, so it requires much higher temperature to be produced
Table 9: Tailored processes created in SimaPro for a Peltier module
Mass (kg)InputsAssumptions
0,025Metals/Non Ferro/Market/Lead {GLO}| market for lead | Cut-off, SUsually, the semi-conductor material used for Peltier is Bismuth Telluride but Bismuth is not available in SimaPro so we replace it by another heavy matrial (Lead)
0,025Metals/Non Ferro/Market/Tellurium, semiconductor-grade {GLO}| market for tellurium, semiconductor-grade | Cut-off, S 
0,015Metals/Non Ferro/Market/Copper-rich materials {GLO}| market for copper-rich materials | Cut-off, S 
0,02Chemicals/Inorganic/market/Aluminium oxide, non-metallurgical {RoW}| market for aluminium oxide, non-metallurgical | Cut-off, Sceramic plates
0,005Electronics/Component/market/Resistor, surface-mounted {GLO}| market for resistor, surface-mounted | Cut-off, STemperature sensor Pt100 type
0,065Processing/Metals/Metal working/Market/Metal working, average for metal product manufacturing {GLO}| market for metal working, average for metal product manufacturing | Cut-off, S 
Table 10: CO2 cooling system [common for all instruments]
ComponentMaxMinSimaPro processesComments
Liquid CO2279.5 kg223.6 kgMaterial/Gases/Liquified/Carbon dioxide, liquid {RER}| market for carbon dioxide, liquid | Cut-off, SThe density of liquid CO2 at -40C is 1118 kg/m3.
By extrapolating the volume of CO2 required to remove 18 W x 674 detectors (worst-case scenario) or 18 W x 504 detectors, based on the 12 m3 required to remove 550kW (source: https://cms.cern/news/installation-next-generation-co2-cooling-system-hi-lumi-cms), we obtain upper and lower bounds on the mass. Note that, as the CO2 cooling system would be shared between MOS & IFUs, the best-case scenario would be designs with the minimum total number of detectors (504). The 18 W per detectors are taken considering 15 W of heat dissipated by the readout electronics (FPGA type) and 3 W (mean value) for the CMOS detector. More details are available in Tab “Operation Option 2”.
Pipes47.55 kg62.6 kgMaterial/Metals/Ferro/Market/Chromium steel pipe {GLO}| market for chromium steel pipe | Cut-off, SAssuming a pipe inner diameter of 2mm and an outer diameter of 3mm. The cross-sectional area is then 3.93mm. Assuming a density of 7500kg/m3 for stainless steel, we obtain 0.0295 kg/m. Then, we assume a 100m baseline for the pipes connecting the CO2 storage to the instruments, plus an additional 3m per spectrograph. Here again we follow the same procedure to define a “best-case” and a “worst-case” scenario.
Compressor2.25 units3 unitsProcessing/Compressed Air/Market/Infrastructure/Air compressor, screw-type compressor, 4kW {GLO}| market for air compressor, screw-type compressor, 4kW | Cut-off, SA compressor is required to re-compress the CO2 and re-use it (closed-loop system)
Pump252 units337 unitsEnergy/Heat/Solar/Market/Infrastructure/Pump, 40W {GLO}| market for pump, 40W | Cut-off, SWe assume that we need one pump for two spectrographs
Storage tank0.0000125 unit0.00001546 unitsChemicals/Organic/Transformation/Infrastructure/Liquid storage tank, chemicals, organics {RoW}| liquid storage tank production, chemicals, organics | Cut-off, SStorage tanks for the liquid CO2. We scale down the SimaPro process which has a capacity of 16000 m3

Operation Option 1

CCD cooling impact with cryocooler (T = 150K)
CategoryComponentDescriptionUnitQuantityMaxMinInfoLink
LPTLPTEnergy consumptionW/day126×24 = 3024 at 70% (upper limit)
72 x 24 = 1728 at 40% (lower limit)
30241728We disregard the cool-down phase and only consider the temperature stability. In the worst-case, we assume that the LPTs are working at 70% of their capacity, and at 40% in the best case scenario.Source
CCD Dissipated power from the CCD (eq. energy consumption) 3W @ 20% of electrical power
9W @50% of electrical power
21672 Figure 5.28 of DESI techincal doc
Vacuum systemIonic pumpEnergy consumptionW/dayMax 14,4 kWh/day for 30 units480480Assuming that the vacuum is maintained by an ion pump, and continuous operation of the ion pump. Max power consumption of 0.6 kW, so 0.6 x 24 
Read-out electronicsNGC IIPower consumptionW/dayRange between 250-650W
Assuming this applies to 6 detectors, dividing by 6 but multiplying by 24 (per day)
26001000Like for MUSE, we assume that 1 NGC DFE controls 6 detector vesselsSource: controller preliminary power budget (Alessandro Meoli’s ppt)
Total Cooling needsW/day 63202760Sum of the vacuum system energy consumption 
Chiller consumption    1580690  
Total incl. chiller consumption  W/Day 79003450Assuming COP 4 (air cooling chiller). The chiller has to remove all the heat generated except the CCDs 

Operation Option 2

CMOS impact with Peltier + CO2
CategoryComponentDescriptionUnitQuantityMaxMinLinkInfo
CMOSCMOSDissipated powerW/dayBest case: 2W x 24 = 48
Worst case: 4W x 24
9648 Assuming that power consumption = dissipated power
CMOS more efficient than CCDs (?)
Readout electronicsHYDRA (FPGA)Dissipated powerW/day15 x 24 = 360360360Preliminary_detectors_powerbudget ppt ESO15 W
Thermoelectric cooler (Peltier) Energy consumptionW/dayWorst case: 50 W x 24
Best case: 4 W x 24
120096  
Vacuum systemIonic pumpEnergy consumptionW/dayMax 14,4 kWh/day for 30 units480480 Assuming that the vacuum is maintained by an ion pump, and continuous operation of the ion pump. Max power consumption of 0.6 kW, so 0.6 x 24 . Assumption similar to Option 1. Might need to be revised
Total    37921488  
Total incl. chiller consumption Energy consumptionW/Day 37921488 Assuming a COP = 4, has to cool down the heat generated by the other components (worst case)
Best case, we might not necessarily need a chiller, but rather a dissipation system to remove the heat from the CO2 cooling, so 0 associated
CMOS impact with CO2 & Krypton
CategoryComponentDescriptionUnitQuantityMaxMinLinkInfo
CMOSCMOSDissipated powerW/dayBest case: 2W x 24 = 48
Worst case: 4W x 24
9648 Assuming that power consumption = dissipated power
CMOS more efficient than CCDs (?)
Readout electronicsHYDRA (FPGA)Dissipated powerW/day15 x 24 = 360360360Preliminary_detectors_powerbudget ppt ESO15 W
CO2 cooling system Energy consumptionW/day 114102 Extremely efficient, the main consumption comes from the pumps. We take a COP of 4, assuming a system slightly more complex as we have to cool directly to lower temperature.
Vacuum systemIonic pumpEnergy consumptionW/dayMax 14,4 kWh/day for 30 units480480 Assuming that the vacuum is maintained by an ion pump, and continuous operation of the ion pump. Max power consumption of 0.6 kW, so 0.6 x 24
Total    1050990  
Total incl. chiller consumption Energy consumptionW/Day 1288,51225,5 Assuming a COP = 4, has to cool down the heat generated by the other components (worse case)
Best case we might not necessarily need a chiller, but rather a dissipation system to remove the heat from the CO2 cooling, so 0 associated

Top-level requirements

Results

Yearly operation of CCD versus CMOS MOS LR design options
Option 4×9 with CCDs (same operational footprint as option 4x9Y with CCDs as the number of detectors is similar)
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,5%97,5%SEM
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq60460294,515,6 %4227832,99
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,8E51,79E52,81E415,6 %1,26E52,33E5889
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB9,22E39,19E31,44E315,6 %6,44E31,2E445,6
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,25E41,25E41,95E315,6 %8,72E31,62E461,8
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,15E44,14E46,49E315,6 %2,9E45,38E4205
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,54E53,53E55,54E415,6 %2,47E54,59E51,75E3
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq0,08310,08290,01315,6 %0,05810,1080,000411
Global warmingkg CO2 eq2,78E52,77E54,35E415,6 %1,94E53,6E51,37E3
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq20220131,615,6 %1412620,999
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq11,311,31,7715,6 %7,8914,60,0559
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq1,15E31,15E318015,6 %8041,49E35,7
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq1,17E31,16E318315,6 %8161,52E35,78
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq7,54E47,52E41,18E415,6 %5,27E49,78E4373
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq22922935,915,6 %1602981,14
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq3,18E33,17E349715,6 %2,22E34,12E315,7
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,3E31,29E320315,6 %9051,68E36,41
Land usem2a crop eq2,45E32,44E338315,6 %1,71E33,18E312,1
Water consumptionm347547474,415,6 %3326172,35
Option 4×9 with CMOSs (same operational footprint as option 4x9Y with CMOS as the number of detectors is similar)
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,5%97,5%SEM
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq2,23E+022,23E+0244,219,8 %1,37E+023,04E+021,4
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,41E33,4E36,75E+0219,8 %2,1E34,64E321,3
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,54E41,53E43,04E319,8 %9,43E32,09E49,60E+01
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,31E51,31E52,59E419,8 %8,05E41,78E58,19E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,62E34,61E39,14E+0219,8 %2,84E36,28E328,9
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,65E46,63E41,32E419,8 %4,09E49,04E44,16E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq0,03080,03070,0060919,8 %0,01890,04180,000192
Global warmingkg CO2 eq1,03E51,02E52,03E419,8 %6,31E41,4E56,43E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq74,774,514,819,8 %45,91,02E+020,468
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq4,184,160,82619,8 %2,575,680,0261
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq4,26E+024,25E+0284,319,8 %2,62E+025,79E+022,67
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq4,32E+024,31E+0285,519,8 %2,66E+025,88E+022,7
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq2,79E42,78E45,52E319,8 %1,71E43,79E41,75E+02
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq84,984,616,819,8 %52,11,15E+020,531
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq1,18E31,17E32,33E+0219,8 %7,22E+021,6E37,36
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq4,80E+024,78E+0294,919,8 %2,95E+026,52E+023,00E+00
Land usem2a crop eq9,06E+029,03E+021,79E+0219,8 %5,57E+021,23E35,67
Water consumptionm31,76E+021,75E+0234,819,8 %1,08E+022,39E+021,1
Per component footprint construction of MOS LR 4×9 with CCDs
Impact categoryUnitTotalConstruction optics of one spectrograph MOS LR 4×9Read-out electronics (NGC II)LPTVacuum systemCryocooler (excl. LPT & vacuum)
Global warmingkg CO2 eq1,45E+054,31E+048,57E+043,49E+033,05E+039,36E+03
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq6,05E-021,89E-023,62E-021,35E-031,27E-032,70E-03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq3,19E+042,25E+048,31E+032,45E+022,07E+026,21E+02
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq3,41E+028,59E+012,12E+021,00E+011,02E+012,32E+01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq3,24E+028,22E+011,82E+021,25E+011,38E+013,33E+01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq3,50E+028,85E+012,17E+021,03E+011,05E+012,39E+01
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq6,63E+022,19E+023,27E+022,94E+013,40E+015,27E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq1,28E+023,95E+017,05E+013,47E+004,52E+009,60E+00
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq1,72E+012,82E+004,11E+006,50E+003,38E+004,44E-01
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,35E+051,52E+051,84E+057,12E+048,01E+042,48E+05
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,60E+044,07E+031,30E+041,86E+032,64E+034,39E+03
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,40E+045,45E+031,70E+042,36E+033,35E+035,76E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,51E+047,18E+031,65E+045,48E+036,54E+033,94E+04
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,43E+051,56E+052,56E+053,94E+045,01E+041,41E+05
Land usem2a crop eq5,01E+031,61E+032,37E+033,57E+022,88E+023,90E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,91E+036,45E+027,55E+024,51E+023,46E+027,13E+02
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq3,76E+041,18E+042,20E+048,32E+027,62E+022,31E+03
Water consumptionm31,58E+036,61E+027,26E+025,38E+013,62E+019,82E+01
Per component footprint construction of MOS LR 4×9 with CMOS
Impact categoryUnitTotalConstruction optics of one spectrograph MOS LR 4×9Read-out electronics (FPGA)CO2 cooling system – All instrumentsVacuum systemTEC Peltier type
Global warmingkg CO2 eq1,41E+054,31E+049,29E+041,29E+033,05E+031,93E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq6,13E-021,89E-024,04E-025,02E-041,27E-031,65E-04
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq3,23E+042,25E+049,48E+036,64E+012,07E+021,70E+01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq3,36E+028,59E+012,35E+024,63E+001,02E+011,16E+00
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq2,99E+028,22E+011,92E+026,71E+001,38E+013,62E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq3,46E+028,85E+012,41E+024,76E+001,05E+011,19E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq6,13E+022,19E+023,31E+021,63E+013,40E+011,19E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq1,32E+023,95E+018,55E+012,32E+004,52E+002,76E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq1,09E+012,82E+004,61E+005,81E-023,38E+001,14E-02
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,23E+051,52E+051,43E+054,36E+048,01E+044,49E+03
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,72E+044,07E+031,88E+041,53E+032,64E+031,36E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,57E+045,45E+032,48E+041,94E+033,35E+031,78E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,37E+047,18E+031,44E+045,45E+036,54E+031,22E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,84E+051,56E+053,46E+052,89E+045,01E+043,54E+03
Land usem2a crop eq4,88E+031,61E+032,86E+038,79E+012,88E+023,66E+01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,04E+036,45E+029,16E+021,07E+023,46E+022,22E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq3,69E+041,18E+042,40E+043,18E+027,62E+025,36E+01
Water consumptionm31,47E+036,61E+027,52E+021,50E+013,62E+013,76E+00
Per component footprint construction of MOS LR 4x9Y with CCDs
Impact categoryUnitTotalConstruction optics of one spectrograph MOS LR 4x9YRead-out electronics (NGC II)LPTVacuum systemCryocooler (excl. LPT & vacuum)
Global warmingkg CO2 eq1,43E+054,11E+048,57E+043,49E+033,05E+039,36E+03
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq5,96E-021,81E-023,62E-021,35E-031,27E-032,70E-03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq3,09E+042,15E+048,31E+032,45E+022,07E+026,21E+02
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq3,37E+028,21E+012,12E+021,00E+011,02E+012,32E+01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq3,20E+027,79E+011,82E+021,25E+011,38E+013,33E+01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq3,46E+028,45E+012,17E+021,03E+011,05E+012,39E+01
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq6,50E+022,07E+023,27E+022,94E+013,40E+015,27E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq1,26E+023,75E+017,05E+013,47E+004,52E+009,60E+00
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq1,71E+012,68E+004,11E+006,50E+003,38E+004,44E-01
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,20E+051,37E+051,84E+057,12E+048,01E+042,48E+05
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,56E+043,72E+031,30E+041,86E+032,64E+034,39E+03
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,35E+044,97E+031,70E+042,36E+033,35E+035,76E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,47E+046,76E+031,65E+045,48E+036,54E+033,94E+04
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,26E+051,39E+052,56E+053,94E+045,01E+041,41E+05
Land usem2a crop eq4,93E+031,52E+032,37E+033,57E+022,88E+023,90E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,84E+035,70E+027,55E+024,51E+023,46E+027,13E+02
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq3,71E+041,12E+042,20E+048,32E+027,62E+022,31E+03
Water consumptionm31,54E+036,29E+027,26E+025,38E+013,62E+019,82E+01
Per component footprint construction of MOS LR 4x9Y with CMOS
Impact categoryUnitTotalConstruction optics of one spectrograph MOS LR 4x9YRead-out electronics (FPGA)CO2 cooling system – All instrumentsVacuum systemTEC Peltier type
Global warmingkg CO2 eq1,38E+054,11E+049,29E+041,29E+033,05E+031,93E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq6,04E-021,81E-024,04E-025,02E-041,27E-031,65E-04
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq3,13E+042,15E+049,48E+036,64E+012,07E+021,70E+01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq3,33E+028,21E+012,35E+024,63E+001,02E+011,16E+00
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq2,94E+027,79E+011,92E+026,71E+001,38E+013,62E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq3,42E+028,45E+012,41E+024,76E+001,05E+011,19E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq6,00E+022,07E+023,31E+021,63E+013,40E+011,19E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq1,30E+023,75E+018,55E+012,32E+004,52E+002,76E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq1,07E+012,68E+004,61E+005,81E-023,38E+001,14E-02
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,08E+051,37E+051,43E+054,36E+048,01E+044,49E+03
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,68E+043,72E+031,88E+041,53E+032,64E+031,36E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,52E+044,97E+032,48E+041,94E+033,35E+031,78E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,33E+046,76E+031,44E+045,45E+036,54E+031,22E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,67E+051,39E+053,46E+052,89E+045,01E+043,54E+03
Land usem2a crop eq4,79E+031,52E+032,86E+038,79E+012,88E+023,66E+01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq1,96E+035,70E+029,16E+021,07E+023,46E+022,22E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq3,64E+041,12E+042,40E+043,18E+027,62E+025,36E+01
Water consumptionm31,44E+036,29E+027,52E+021,50E+013,62E+013,76E+00
Plots
DesignOpticsRead-out electronicsCooling systemVacuum system
4×9 CCDs4,31E+018,57E+011,29E+013,05E+00
4×9 CMOS4,31E+019,29E+011,48E+003,05E+00
4x9Y CCDs4,11E+018,57E+011,29E+013,05E+00
4x9Y CMOS4,11E+019,29E+011,48E+003,05E+00
DesignConstruction 4×9Operation (tCO2eq)std
CCDs1452,77E+0243,5
CMOS14110220,3
Per component footprint construction of MOS HR baseline (8M16D) with CCDs
Impact categoryUnitTotalConstruction optics of one spectrograph MOS HR BaselineRead-out electronics (NGC II)LPTVacuum systemCryocooler (excl. LPT & vacuum)Optical bench and Base MOS HR Baseline
Global warmingkg CO2 eq7,51E+051,97E+041,27E+045,17E+024,52E+021,39E+037,16E+05
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,72E-018,60E-035,36E-032,00E-041,89E-044,00E-041,57E-01
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq2,74E+049,85E+031,23E+033,63E+013,07E+019,20E+011,61E+04
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq2,00E+034,20E+013,13E+011,49E+001,51E+003,43E+001,92E+03
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq1,53E+033,59E+012,70E+011,86E+002,04E+004,93E+001,46E+03
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq2,04E+034,32E+013,21E+011,53E+001,55E+003,54E+001,96E+03
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq3,43E+039,25E+014,85E+014,36E+005,04E+007,81E+003,27E+03
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq4,09E+021,79E+011,04E+015,14E-016,70E-011,42E+003,78E+02
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq2,55E+011,25E+006,08E-019,63E-015,01E-016,57E-022,21E+01
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,09E+069,21E+042,72E+041,05E+041,19E+043,67E+049,09E+05
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB8,05E+042,37E+031,93E+032,75E+023,91E+026,50E+027,49E+04
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,03E+053,19E+032,52E+033,49E+024,96E+028,53E+029,56E+04
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,77E+054,38E+032,45E+038,11E+029,69E+025,83E+034,62E+05
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,19E+069,92E+043,79E+045,84E+037,42E+032,09E+041,02E+06
Land usem2a crop eq1,59E+048,02E+023,51E+025,29E+014,26E+015,78E+011,46E+04
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq9,30E+033,71E+021,12E+026,69E+015,12E+011,06E+028,59E+03
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,72E+055,38E+033,26E+031,23E+021,13E+023,42E+021,62E+05
Water consumptionm34,54E+032,81E+021,08E+027,97E+005,37E+001,46E+014,12E+03
Per component footprint construction of MOS HR baseline (8M16D) with CMOS
Impact categoryUnitTotalConstruction optics of one spectrograph MOS HR BaselineRead-out electronics (FPGA)CO2 cooling system – All instrumentsVacuum systemOptical bench and Base MOS HR BaselineTEC Peltier type
Global warmingkg CO2 eq7,50E+051,97E+041,38E+041,91E+024,52E+027,16E+052,87E+01
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,72E-018,60E-035,98E-037,42E-051,89E-041,57E-012,44E-05
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq2,74E+049,85E+031,40E+039,82E+003,07E+011,61E+042,51E+00
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq2,00E+034,20E+013,47E+016,85E-011,51E+001,92E+031,72E-01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq1,53E+033,59E+012,85E+019,92E-012,04E+001,46E+035,36E-01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq2,04E+034,32E+013,57E+017,04E-011,55E+001,96E+031,76E-01
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq3,42E+039,25E+014,90E+012,41E+005,04E+003,27E+031,77E+00
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq4,10E+021,79E+011,27E+013,42E-016,70E-013,78E+024,09E-02
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq2,46E+011,25E+006,83E-018,59E-035,01E-012,21E+011,68E-03
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,04E+069,21E+042,11E+046,46E+031,19E+049,09E+056,65E+02
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB8,07E+042,37E+032,79E+032,26E+023,91E+027,49E+042,02E+01
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,03E+053,19E+033,67E+032,87E+024,96E+029,56E+042,63E+01
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,71E+054,38E+032,13E+038,06E+029,69E+024,62E+051,80E+01
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,18E+069,92E+045,12E+044,28E+037,42E+031,02E+065,25E+02
Land usem2a crop eq1,59E+048,02E+024,24E+021,30E+014,26E+011,46E+045,42E+00
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq9,17E+033,71E+021,36E+021,58E+015,12E+018,59E+033,29E+00
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,72E+055,38E+033,56E+034,70E+011,13E+021,62E+057,94E+00
Water consumptionm34,52E+032,81E+021,11E+022,22E+005,37E+004,12E+035,57E-01
Per component footprint construction of MOS HR Will with CCDs
Impact categoryUnitTotalConstruction optics of one spectrograph MOS HR WilRead-out electronics (NGC II)LPTVacuum systemCryocooler (excl. LPT & vacuum)Optical bench and Base MOS HR Will
Global warmingkg CO2 eq2,87E+051,21E+042,54E+041,03E+039,05E+022,77E+032,45E+05
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq7,13E-025,30E-031,07E-024,01E-043,78E-048,00E-045,37E-02
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq1,43E+045,95E+032,46E+037,27E+016,14E+011,84E+025,52E+03
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq7,59E+022,48E+016,27E+012,97E+003,02E+006,86E+006,58E+02
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq5,96E+022,42E+015,40E+013,71E+004,08E+009,85E+005,00E+02
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq7,73E+022,56E+016,43E+013,05E+003,10E+007,08E+006,70E+02
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,32E+036,55E+019,69E+018,72E+001,01E+011,56E+011,12E+03
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq1,66E+021,08E+012,09E+011,03E+001,34E+002,85E+001,30E+02
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq1,73E+015,44E+001,22E+001,93E+001,00E+001,31E-017,58E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,33E+054,87E+045,44E+042,11E+042,37E+047,34E+043,11E+05
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,33E+041,21E+033,85E+035,50E+027,81E+021,30E+032,57E+04
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,28E+041,62E+035,05E+036,98E+029,93E+021,71E+033,27E+04
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,81E+052,32E+034,90E+031,62E+031,94E+031,17E+041,58E+05
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,40E+054,64E+047,58E+041,17E+041,48E+044,19E+043,50E+05
Land usem2a crop eq6,62E+036,17E+027,02E+021,06E+028,53E+011,16E+024,99E+03
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq4,03E+034,16E+022,24E+021,34E+021,02E+022,11E+022,94E+03
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq6,66E+043,29E+036,51E+032,46E+022,26E+026,84E+025,56E+04
Water consumptionm31,87E+031,89E+022,15E+021,59E+011,07E+012,91E+011,41E+03
Per component footprint construction of MOS HR Will with CMOS
Impact categoryUnitTotalConstruction optics of one spectrograph MOS HR WilRead-out electronics (FPGA)CO2 cooling system – All instrumentsVacuum systemOptical bench and Base MOS HR WillTEC Peltier type
Global warmingkg CO2 eq2,86E+051,21E+042,75E+043,73E+029,05E+022,45E+055,73E+01
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq7,16E-025,30E-031,20E-021,45E-043,78E-045,37E-024,89E-05
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq1,44E+045,95E+032,81E+031,93E+016,14E+015,52E+035,03E+00
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq7,57E+022,48E+016,95E+011,34E+003,02E+006,58E+023,43E-01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq5,89E+022,42E+015,70E+011,94E+004,08E+005,00E+021,07E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq7,72E+022,56E+017,13E+011,38E+003,10E+006,70E+023,53E-01
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,30E+036,55E+019,81E+014,73E+001,01E+011,12E+033,54E+00
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq1,68E+021,08E+012,53E+016,71E-011,34E+001,30E+028,19E-02
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq1,54E+015,44E+001,37E+001,68E-021,00E+007,58E+003,37E-03
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,40E+054,87E+044,23E+041,27E+042,37E+043,11E+051,33E+03
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,37E+041,21E+035,57E+034,44E+027,81E+022,57E+044,04E+01
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,33E+041,62E+037,34E+035,63E+029,93E+023,27E+045,26E+01
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,69E+052,32E+034,27E+031,58E+031,94E+031,58E+053,60E+01
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,23E+054,64E+041,02E+058,39E+031,48E+043,50E+051,05E+03
Land usem2a crop eq6,58E+036,17E+028,47E+022,55E+018,53E+014,99E+031,08E+01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq3,77E+034,16E+022,72E+023,10E+011,02E+022,94E+036,58E+00
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq6,64E+043,29E+037,12E+039,21E+012,26E+025,56E+041,59E+01
Water consumptionm31,84E+031,89E+022,23E+024,35E+001,07E+011,41E+031,11E+00
Carbon footprint operation MOS HR Baseline CCDs
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq8,98E+019,03E+011,45E+011,61E-016,04E+011,17E+024,57E-01
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,37E+031,38E+032,21E+021,61E-019,22E+021,79E+036,98E+00
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,17E+036,21E+039,94E+021,61E-014,15E+038,04E+033,14E+01
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,27E+045,30E+048,48E+031,61E-013,54E+046,86E+042,68E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,86E+031,87E+032,99E+021,61E-011,25E+032,42E+039,46E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,68E+042,69E+044,31E+031,61E-011,80E+043,48E+041,36E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,24E-021,24E-021,99E-031,61E-018,31E-031,61E-026,30E-05
Global warmingkg CO2 eq4,13E+044,16E+046,65E+031,61E-012,78E+045,38E+042,10E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq3,01E+013,02E+014,84E+001,61E-012,02E+013,91E+011,53E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq1,68E+001,69E+002,70E-011,61E-011,13E+002,19E+008,55E-03
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq1,71E+021,72E+022,76E+011,61E-011,15E+022,23E+028,72E-01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq1,74E+021,75E+022,80E+011,61E-011,17E+022,26E+028,85E-01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,12E+041,13E+041,81E+031,61E-017,54E+031,46E+045,71E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,41E+013,43E+015,49E+001,61E-012,29E+014,44E+011,74E-01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq4,73E+024,75E+027,61E+011,61E-013,18E+026,16E+022,41E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,93E+021,94E+023,10E+011,61E-011,30E+022,51E+029,82E-01
Land usem2a crop eq3,64E+023,66E+025,87E+011,61E-012,45E+024,74E+021,85E+00
Water consumptionm37,07E+017,11E+011,14E+011,61E-014,75E+019,21E+013,60E-01
Carbon footprint operation MOS HR Baseline CMOS
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq3,27E+013,27E+016,60E+002,02E-012,06E+014,51E+012,09E-01
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,00E+024,99E+021,01E+022,02E-013,14E+026,88E+023,19E+00
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,25E+032,25E+034,53E+022,02E-011,41E+033,10E+031,43E+01
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,92E+041,92E+043,87E+032,02E-011,21E+042,64E+041,22E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,77E+026,76E+021,37E+022,02E-014,25E+029,32E+024,32E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB9,74E+039,73E+031,96E+032,02E-016,12E+031,34E+046,21E+01
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq4,51E-034,50E-039,09E-042,02E-012,83E-036,20E-032,87E-05
Global warmingkg CO2 eq1,51E+041,50E+043,04E+032,02E-019,46E+032,07E+049,60E+01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq1,09E+011,09E+012,21E+002,02E-016,88E+001,51E+016,98E-02
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq6,12E-016,11E-011,23E-012,02E-013,85E-018,43E-013,90E-03
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq6,24E+016,23E+011,26E+012,02E-013,92E+018,59E+013,98E-01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq6,33E+016,32E+011,28E+012,02E-013,98E+018,72E+014,04E-01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq4,09E+034,08E+038,24E+022,02E-012,57E+035,63E+032,61E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq1,24E+011,24E+012,51E+002,02E-017,81E+001,71E+017,93E-02
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq1,72E+021,72E+023,47E+012,02E-011,08E+022,37E+021,10E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq7,03E+017,02E+011,42E+012,02E-014,41E+019,67E+014,48E-01
Land usem2a crop eq1,33E+021,33E+022,68E+012,02E-018,34E+011,83E+028,46E-01
Water consumptionm32,58E+012,57E+015,19E+002,02E-011,62E+013,55E+011,64E-01
Carbon footprint operation MOS HR Will CCDs
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq1,77E+021,76E+022,78E+011,57E-011,24E+022,31E+028,79E-01
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,71E+032,69E+034,25E+021,57E-011,90E+033,53E+031,34E+01
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,22E+041,21E+041,91E+031,57E-018,54E+031,59E+046,04E+01
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,04E+051,03E+051,63E+041,57E-017,28E+041,36E+055,16E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,67E+033,65E+035,75E+021,57E-012,57E+034,79E+031,82E+01
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,28E+045,25E+048,28E+031,57E-013,70E+046,89E+042,62E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq2,44E-022,43E-023,83E-031,57E-011,71E-023,19E-021,21E-04
Global warmingkg CO2 eq8,15E+048,11E+041,28E+041,57E-015,72E+041,06E+054,05E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq5,93E+015,89E+019,30E+001,57E-014,16E+017,74E+012,94E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq3,31E+003,29E+005,20E-011,57E-012,32E+004,33E+001,64E-02
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq3,38E+023,36E+025,30E+011,57E-012,37E+024,41E+021,68E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq3,43E+023,41E+025,38E+011,57E-012,40E+024,48E+021,70E+00
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq2,21E+042,20E+043,47E+031,57E-011,55E+042,89E+041,10E+02
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq6,73E+016,69E+011,06E+011,57E-014,72E+018,79E+013,34E-01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq9,33E+029,27E+021,46E+021,57E-016,54E+021,22E+034,63E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq3,80E+023,78E+025,97E+011,57E-012,67E+024,97E+021,89E+00
Land usem2a crop eq7,19E+027,15E+021,13E+021,57E-015,04E+029,39E+023,57E+00
Water consumptionm31,40E+021,39E+022,19E+011,57E-019,78E+011,82E+026,92E-01
Carbon footprint operation MOS HR Will CMOS
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq6,49E+016,54E+011,28E+011,98E-014,10E+019,01E+014,06E-01
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB9,92E+021,00E+031,96E+021,98E-016,26E+021,38E+036,20E+00
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,46E+034,50E+038,82E+021,98E-012,82E+036,19E+032,79E+01
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,81E+043,84E+047,52E+031,98E-012,40E+045,28E+042,38E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,34E+031,35E+032,65E+021,98E-018,48E+021,86E+038,39E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,93E+041,95E+043,82E+031,98E-011,22E+042,68E+041,21E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq8,94E-039,01E-031,77E-031,98E-015,64E-031,24E-025,59E-05
Global warmingkg CO2 eq2,99E+043,01E+045,90E+031,98E-011,89E+044,15E+041,87E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,17E+012,19E+014,29E+001,98E-011,37E+013,01E+011,36E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq1,21E+001,22E+002,40E-011,98E-017,67E-011,68E+007,59E-03
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq1,24E+021,25E+022,45E+011,98E-017,82E+011,72E+027,74E-01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq1,26E+021,27E+022,48E+011,98E-017,93E+011,74E+027,85E-01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq8,11E+038,17E+031,60E+031,98E-015,12E+031,12E+045,07E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq2,47E+012,49E+014,87E+001,98E-011,56E+013,42E+011,54E-01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq3,42E+023,44E+026,75E+011,98E-012,16E+024,74E+022,14E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,39E+021,41E+022,75E+011,98E-018,80E+011,93E+028,71E-01
Land usem2a crop eq2,63E+022,65E+025,20E+011,98E-011,66E+023,65E+021,65E+00
Water consumptionm35,11E+015,15E+011,01E+011,98E-013,23E+017,09E+013,19E-01
Comparison of Operation’s impact — calculation settings
CalculationCompare
Product 120 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option A – CCDs (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 220 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option A – CMOS (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 320 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option C – CCDs (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 420 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option C – CMOS (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 520 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option D – CCDs (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 620 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option D – CMOS (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 720 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option H – CCDs (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 820 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option H – CMOS (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 920 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option K – CCDs (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 1020 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option K – CMOS (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 1120 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option B – CMOS (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 1220 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option B – CCDs (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 1320 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option E – CMOS (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 1420 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option E – CCDs (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 1520 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option F – CMOS (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 1620 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option F – CCDs (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 1720 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option G – CMOS (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 1820 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option G – CCDs (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 1920 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option I – CMOS (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 2020 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option I – CCDs (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 2120 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option J – CMOS (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 2220 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option J – CCDs (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 2320 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option M – CMOS (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 2420 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option M – CCDs (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 2520 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option L – CMOS (of project Spectrograph study)
Product 2620 p Yearly Operation & – IFU Option L – CCDs (of project Spectrograph study)
MethodReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) V1.11 / World (2010) H
IndicatorCharacterization
Skip categoriesNever
Exclude infrastructure processesNo
Exclude long-term emissionsNo
Sorted on itemImpact category
Sort orderAscending
Indicator: Characterization
Skip categories: Never
Exclude infrastructure processes: No
Exclude long-term emissions: No
Sorted on item: Impact category
Sort order: Ascending
Comparison of Operation’s impact of the 26 different design options
Impact categoryUnitYearly Operation & – IFU Option A – CCDsYearly Operation & – IFU Option A – CMOSYearly Operation & – IFU Option C – CCDsYearly Operation & – IFU Option C – CMOSYearly Operation & – IFU Option D – CCDsYearly Operation & – IFU Option D – CMOSYearly Operation & – IFU Option H – CCDsYearly Operation & – IFU Option H – CMOSYearly Operation & – IFU Option K – CCDsYearly Operation & – IFU Option K – CMOSYearly Operation & – IFU Option B – CMOSYearly Operation & – IFU Option B – CCDsYearly Operation & – IFU Option E – CMOSYearly Operation & – IFU Option E – CCDsYearly Operation & – IFU Option F – CMOSYearly Operation & – IFU Option F – CCDsYearly Operation & – IFU Option G – CMOSYearly Operation & – IFU Option G – CCDsYearly Operation & – IFU Option I – CMOSYearly Operation & – IFU Option I – CCDsYearly Operation & – IFU Option J – CMOSYearly Operation & – IFU Option J – CCDsYearly Operation & – IFU Option M – CMOSYearly Operation & – IFU Option M – CCDsYearly Operation & – IFU Option L – CMOSYearly Operation & – IFU Option L – CCDs
Global warmingkg CO2 eq7,42E+062,72E+066,59E+062,42E+067,42E+062,72E+069,89E+063,63E+069,89E+063,63E+062,72E+068,41E+063,63E+069,89E+063,63E+069,89E+063,63E+069,89E+063,63E+069,89E+063,63E+069,89E+063,63E+069,89E+063,63E+069,89E+06
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq2,22E+008,15E-011,97E+007,24E-012,22E+008,15E-012,96E+001,09E+002,96E+001,09E+008,15E-012,67E+001,09E+002,96E+001,09E+002,96E+001,09E+002,96E+001,09E+002,96E+001,09E+002,96E+001,09E+002,96E+001,09E+002,96E+00
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq1,61E+045,92E+031,43E+045,26E+031,61E+045,92E+032,15E+047,89E+032,15E+047,89E+035,92E+032,74E+057,89E+032,15E+047,89E+032,15E+047,89E+032,15E+047,89E+032,15E+047,89E+032,15E+047,89E+032,15E+047,89E+032,15E+04
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq3,07E+041,13E+042,73E+041,00E+043,07E+041,13E+044,10E+041,51E+044,10E+041,51E+041,13E+043,33E+041,51E+044,10E+041,51E+044,10E+041,51E+044,10E+041,51E+044,10E+041,51E+044,10E+041,51E+044,10E+041,51E+044,10E+04
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq8,48E+043,12E+047,54E+042,77E+048,48E+043,12E+041,13E+054,15E+041,13E+054,15E+043,12E+048,69E+044,15E+041,13E+054,15E+041,13E+054,15E+041,13E+054,15E+041,13E+054,15E+041,13E+054,15E+041,13E+054,15E+041,13E+05
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq3,12E+041,15E+042,77E+041,02E+043,12E+041,15E+044,16E+041,53E+044,16E+041,53E+041,15E+043,38E+041,53E+044,16E+041,53E+044,16E+041,53E+044,16E+041,53E+044,16E+041,53E+044,16E+041,53E+044,16E+041,53E+044,16E+04
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq3,46E+041,27E+043,08E+041,13E+043,46E+041,27E+044,61E+041,69E+044,61E+041,69E+041,27E+043,88E+041,69E+044,61E+041,69E+044,61E+041,69E+044,61E+041,69E+044,61E+041,69E+044,61E+041,69E+044,61E+041,69E+044,61E+04
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq6,12E+032,25E+035,44E+032,00E+036,12E+032,25E+038,16E+033,00E+038,16E+033,00E+032,25E+037,33E+033,00E+038,16E+033,00E+038,16E+033,00E+038,16E+033,00E+038,16E+033,00E+038,16E+033,00E+038,16E+033,00E+038,16E+03
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq3,01E+021,11E+022,68E+029,84E+013,01E+021,11E+024,02E+021,48E+024,02E+021,48E+021,11E+023,96E+021,48E+024,02E+021,48E+024,02E+021,48E+024,02E+021,48E+024,02E+021,48E+024,02E+021,48E+024,02E+021,48E+024,02E+02
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,80E+061,76E+064,26E+061,57E+064,80E+061,76E+066,40E+062,35E+066,40E+062,35E+061,76E+068,77E+062,35E+066,40E+062,35E+066,40E+062,35E+066,40E+062,35E+066,40E+062,35E+066,40E+062,35E+066,40E+062,35E+066,40E+06
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,46E+059,04E+042,19E+058,04E+042,46E+059,04E+043,28E+051,21E+053,28E+051,21E+059,04E+046,16E+051,21E+053,28E+051,21E+053,28E+051,21E+053,28E+051,21E+053,28E+051,21E+053,28E+051,21E+053,28E+051,21E+053,28E+05
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,33E+051,22E+052,96E+051,09E+053,33E+051,22E+054,45E+051,63E+054,45E+051,63E+051,22E+058,17E+051,63E+054,45E+051,63E+054,45E+051,63E+054,45E+051,63E+054,45E+051,63E+054,45E+051,63E+054,45E+051,63E+054,45E+05
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,11E+064,07E+059,84E+053,62E+051,11E+064,07E+051,48E+065,42E+051,48E+065,42E+054,07E+051,51E+065,42E+051,48E+065,42E+051,48E+065,42E+051,48E+065,42E+051,48E+065,42E+051,48E+065,42E+051,48E+065,42E+051,48E+06
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB9,45E+063,47E+068,40E+063,08E+069,45E+063,47E+061,26E+074,63E+061,26E+074,63E+063,47E+061,61E+074,63E+061,26E+074,63E+061,26E+074,63E+061,26E+074,63E+061,26E+074,63E+061,26E+074,63E+061,26E+074,63E+061,26E+07
Land usem2a crop eq6,54E+042,40E+045,81E+042,13E+046,54E+042,40E+048,72E+043,20E+048,72E+043,20E+042,40E+041,09E+053,20E+048,72E+043,20E+048,72E+043,20E+048,72E+043,20E+048,72E+043,20E+048,72E+043,20E+048,72E+043,20E+048,72E+04
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq5,39E+031,98E+034,79E+031,76E+035,39E+031,98E+037,19E+032,64E+037,19E+032,64E+031,98E+032,87E+042,64E+037,19E+032,64E+037,19E+032,64E+037,19E+032,64E+037,19E+032,64E+037,19E+032,64E+037,19E+032,64E+037,19E+03
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq2,01E+067,39E+051,79E+066,57E+052,01E+067,39E+052,68E+069,86E+052,68E+069,86E+057,39E+052,27E+069,86E+052,68E+069,86E+052,68E+069,86E+052,68E+069,86E+052,68E+069,86E+052,68E+069,86E+052,68E+069,86E+052,68E+06
Water consumptionm31,27E+044,66E+031,13E+044,14E+031,27E+044,66E+031,69E+046,21E+031,69E+046,21E+034,66E+032,30E+046,21E+031,69E+046,21E+031,69E+046,21E+031,69E+046,21E+031,69E+046,21E+031,69E+046,21E+031,69E+046,21E+031,69E+04
Comparison of Construction’s impact of the 26 different design options
A – CCDs
Impact categoryUnitTotalFused silica glassCalcium fluoride, optical gradeGlass tube, borosilicate {RoW}| glass tube production, borosilicate | Cut-off, SRead-out electronics (NGC II)Cryocooler (excl. LPT & vacuum)LPTVacuum system
Global warmingkg CO2 eq6,75E+059,96E+043,47E+054,13E+041,14E+054,99E+041,86E+044,07E+03
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq2,86E-014,53E-021,57E-011,17E-024,82E-021,44E-027,22E-031,70E-03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq2,80E+055,91E+042,03E+052,07E+031,11E+043,31E+031,31E+032,76E+02
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq1,47E+031,72E+026,02E+022,19E+022,82E+021,24E+025,35E+011,36E+01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq1,22E+031,36E+024,86E+029,56E+012,43E+021,77E+026,68E+011,84E+01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq1,51E+031,77E+026,20E+022,23E+022,89E+021,28E+025,49E+011,39E+01
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq2,68E+033,37E+021,19E+032,26E+024,36E+022,81E+021,57E+024,53E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq6,09E+029,38E+013,27E+021,82E+019,40E+015,12E+011,85E+016,03E+00
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq7,87E+016,81E+002,36E+011,29E+005,47E+002,37E+003,47E+014,51E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,63E+069,93E+043,84E+058,89E+042,45E+051,32E+063,80E+051,07E+05
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,87E+044,50E+031,75E+042,54E+031,73E+042,34E+049,89E+033,52E+03
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,03E+055,96E+032,31E+043,34E+032,27E+043,07E+041,26E+044,47E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,42E+051,26E+044,80E+041,13E+042,20E+042,10E+052,92E+048,72E+03
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,05E+061,30E+054,84E+056,03E+043,41E+057,54E+052,10E+056,68E+04
Land usem2a crop eq2,65E+043,29E+031,14E+044,28E+033,16E+032,08E+031,91E+033,84E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq8,95E+031,73E+027,34E+023,67E+021,01E+033,80E+032,41E+034,61E+02
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,80E+052,71E+049,43E+041,11E+042,93E+041,23E+044,44E+031,02E+03
Water consumptionm38,15E+031,37E+034,68E+032,74E+029,68E+025,24E+022,87E+024,83E+01
B-CCDs
Impact categoryUnitTotalRead-out electronics (NGC II)Fused silica glassLPTCryocooler (excl. LPT & vacuum)Vacuum system
Global warmingkg CO2 eq5,12E+051,14E+053,26E+051,86E+044,99E+044,07E+03
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq2,20E-014,82E-021,48E-017,22E-031,44E-021,70E-03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq2,09E+051,11E+041,93E+051,31E+033,31E+032,76E+02
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq1,04E+032,82E+025,64E+025,35E+011,24E+021,36E+01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq9,51E+022,43E+024,46E+026,68E+011,77E+021,84E+01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq1,07E+032,89E+025,81E+025,49E+011,28E+021,39E+01
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq2,02E+034,36E+021,10E+031,57E+022,81E+024,53E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq4,77E+029,40E+013,07E+021,85E+015,12E+016,03E+00
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq6,93E+015,47E+002,23E+013,47E+012,37E+004,51E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,38E+062,45E+053,25E+053,80E+051,32E+061,07E+05
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,89E+041,73E+041,47E+049,89E+032,34E+043,52E+03
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB9,00E+042,27E+041,95E+041,26E+043,07E+044,47E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,11E+052,20E+044,13E+042,92E+042,10E+058,72E+03
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,80E+063,41E+054,24E+052,10E+057,54E+056,68E+04
Land usem2a crop eq1,83E+043,16E+031,08E+041,91E+032,08E+033,84E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq8,24E+031,01E+035,65E+022,41E+033,80E+034,61E+02
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,36E+052,93E+048,88E+044,44E+031,23E+041,02E+03
Water consumptionm36,32E+039,68E+024,50E+032,87E+025,24E+024,83E+01
C-CCDs
Impact categoryUnitTotalFused silica glassCalcium fluoride, optical gradeGlass tube, borosilicate {RoW}| glass tube production, borosilicate | Cut-off, SRead-out electronics (NGC II)LPTCryocooler (excl. LPT & vacuum)Vacuum system
Global warmingkg CO2 eq5,49E+051,93E+051,69E+052,05E+041,02E+051,65E+044,44E+043,62E+03
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq2,34E-018,78E-027,65E-025,79E-034,29E-026,42E-031,28E-021,51E-03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq2,29E+051,15E+059,89E+041,03E+039,85E+031,16E+032,94E+032,46E+02
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq1,16E+033,34E+022,93E+021,09E+022,51E+024,76E+011,10E+021,21E+01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq9,98E+022,64E+022,37E+024,75E+012,16E+025,94E+011,58E+021,63E+01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq1,19E+033,44E+023,02E+021,11E+022,57E+024,88E+011,13E+021,24E+01
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq2,16E+036,54E+025,81E+021,12E+023,88E+021,40E+022,50E+024,03E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq5,02E+021,82E+021,59E+029,06E+008,36E+011,65E+014,55E+015,36E+00
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq6,71E+011,32E+011,15E+016,38E-014,87E+003,08E+012,10E+004,00E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,25E+061,93E+051,87E+054,42E+042,18E+053,37E+051,17E+069,50E+04
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,67E+048,74E+038,52E+031,26E+031,54E+048,79E+032,08E+043,12E+03
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB8,71E+041,16E+041,12E+041,66E+032,02E+041,12E+042,73E+043,97E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,93E+052,45E+042,34E+045,59E+031,96E+042,60E+041,87E+057,75E+03
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,74E+062,52E+052,36E+053,00E+043,03E+051,87E+056,70E+055,94E+04
Land usem2a crop eq2,07E+046,38E+035,53E+032,13E+032,81E+031,69E+031,85E+033,41E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq7,70E+033,35E+023,57E+021,82E+028,95E+022,14E+033,38E+034,10E+02
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,46E+055,27E+044,59E+045,51E+032,60E+043,94E+031,09E+049,03E+02
Water consumptionm36,71E+032,67E+032,28E+031,36E+028,60E+022,55E+024,66E+024,29E+01
D-CCDs
Impact categoryUnitTotalFused silica glassCalcium fluoride, optical gradeGlass tube, borosilicate {RoW}| glass tube production, borosilicate | Cut-off, SRead-out electronics (NGC II)Cryocooler (excl. LPT & vacuum)LPTVacuum system
Global warmingkg CO2 eq4,22E+051,42E+057,91E+041,44E+041,14E+054,99E+041,86E+044,07E+03
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,76E-016,46E-023,58E-024,06E-034,82E-021,44E-027,22E-031,70E-03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq1,47E+058,44E+044,63E+047,20E+021,11E+043,31E+031,31E+032,76E+02
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq9,32E+022,46E+021,37E+027,65E+012,82E+021,24E+025,35E+011,36E+01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq8,44E+021,94E+021,11E+023,33E+012,43E+021,77E+026,68E+011,84E+01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq9,58E+022,53E+021,41E+027,78E+012,89E+021,28E+025,49E+011,39E+01
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,75E+034,81E+022,72E+027,87E+014,36E+022,81E+021,57E+024,53E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,85E+021,34E+027,46E+016,35E+009,40E+015,12E+011,85E+016,03E+00
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq6,25E+019,72E+005,37E+004,48E-015,47E+002,37E+003,47E+014,51E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,31E+061,42E+058,75E+043,10E+042,45E+051,32E+063,80E+051,07E+05
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,55E+046,42E+033,99E+038,86E+021,73E+042,34E+049,89E+033,52E+03
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB8,54E+048,51E+035,26E+031,16E+032,27E+043,07E+041,26E+044,47E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,03E+051,80E+041,09E+043,92E+032,20E+042,10E+052,92E+048,72E+03
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,69E+061,85E+051,10E+052,10E+043,41E+057,54E+052,10E+056,68E+04
Land usem2a crop eq1,63E+044,69E+032,59E+031,49E+033,16E+032,08E+031,91E+033,84E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq8,22E+032,47E+021,67E+021,28E+021,01E+033,80E+032,41E+034,61E+02
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,11E+053,87E+042,15E+043,87E+032,93E+041,23E+044,44E+031,02E+03
Water consumptionm34,95E+031,96E+031,07E+039,56E+019,68E+025,24E+022,87E+024,83E+01
E-CCDs
Impact categoryUnitTotalFused silica glassCalcium fluoride, optical gradeGlass tube, borosilicate {RoW}| glass tube production, borosilicate | Cut-off, SRead-out electronics (NGC II)LPTCryocooler (excl. LPT & vacuum)Vacuum system
Global warmingkg CO2 eq4,05E+058,17E+046,92E+045,10E+031,52E+052,48E+046,65E+045,43E+03
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,65E-013,71E-023,13E-021,44E-036,43E-029,62E-031,92E-022,27E-03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq1,11E+054,85E+044,05E+042,55E+021,48E+041,74E+034,42E+033,68E+02
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq9,19E+021,41E+021,20E+022,71E+013,76E+027,13E+011,65E+021,81E+01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq8,95E+021,12E+029,70E+011,18E+013,24E+028,90E+012,36E+022,45E+01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq9,44E+021,46E+021,24E+022,76E+013,86E+027,32E+011,70E+021,86E+01
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,77E+032,76E+022,38E+022,79E+015,82E+022,09E+023,75E+026,04E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,71E+027,70E+016,53E+012,25E+001,25E+022,47E+016,83E+018,04E+00
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq7,31E+015,59E+004,70E+001,59E-017,30E+004,62E+013,15E+006,01E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,91E+068,15E+047,66E+041,10E+043,27E+055,06E+051,76E+061,42E+05
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,97E+043,69E+033,49E+033,14E+022,31E+041,32E+043,12E+044,69E+03
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,04E+054,89E+034,60E+034,13E+023,03E+041,68E+044,10E+045,96E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,81E+051,04E+049,58E+031,39E+032,94E+043,89E+042,80E+051,16E+04
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,04E+061,06E+059,66E+047,46E+034,55E+052,80E+051,01E+068,90E+04
Land usem2a crop eq1,55E+042,70E+032,27E+035,29E+024,21E+032,54E+032,77E+035,12E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq1,06E+041,42E+021,46E+024,53E+011,34E+033,21E+035,07E+036,15E+02
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,05E+052,23E+041,88E+041,37E+033,91E+045,91E+031,64E+041,35E+03
Water consumptionm34,53E+031,13E+039,33E+023,39E+011,29E+033,82E+026,99E+026,44E+01
F-CCDs
Impact categoryUnitTotalFused silica glassCalcium fluoride, optical gradeGlass tube, borosilicate {RoW}| glass tube production, borosilicate | Cut-off, SRead-out electronics (NGC II)LPTCryocooler (excl. LPT & vacuum)Vacuum system
Global warmingkg CO2 eq3,72E+055,80E+046,07E+044,48E+031,52E+052,48E+046,65E+045,43E+03
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,51E-012,64E-022,75E-021,27E-036,43E-029,62E-031,92E-022,27E-03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq9,15E+043,45E+043,55E+042,24E+021,48E+041,74E+034,42E+033,68E+02
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq8,60E+021,00E+021,05E+022,38E+013,76E+027,13E+011,65E+021,81E+01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq8,49E+027,94E+018,50E+011,04E+013,24E+028,90E+012,36E+022,45E+01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq8,84E+021,03E+021,08E+022,42E+013,86E+027,32E+011,70E+021,86E+01
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,66E+031,96E+022,09E+022,45E+015,82E+022,09E+023,75E+026,04E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,40E+025,47E+015,73E+011,98E+001,25E+022,47E+016,83E+018,04E+00
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq7,09E+013,97E+004,12E+001,40E-017,30E+004,62E+013,15E+006,01E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,87E+065,79E+046,72E+049,66E+033,27E+055,06E+051,76E+061,42E+05
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,82E+042,62E+033,06E+032,76E+022,31E+041,32E+043,12E+044,69E+03
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,02E+053,47E+034,04E+033,63E+023,03E+041,68E+044,10E+045,96E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,77E+057,35E+038,40E+031,22E+032,94E+043,89E+042,80E+051,16E+04
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,00E+067,56E+048,47E+046,55E+034,55E+052,80E+051,01E+068,90E+04
Land usem2a crop eq1,44E+041,92E+031,99E+034,65E+024,21E+032,54E+032,77E+035,12E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq1,05E+041,01E+021,28E+023,98E+011,34E+033,21E+035,07E+036,15E+02
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq9,63E+041,58E+041,65E+041,20E+033,91E+045,91E+031,64E+041,35E+03
Water consumptionm34,08E+038,01E+028,18E+022,98E+011,29E+033,82E+026,99E+026,44E+01
G-CCDs
Impact categoryUnitTotalFused silica glassCalcium fluoride, optical gradeGlass tube, borosilicate {RoW}| glass tube production, borosilicate | Cut-off, SRead-out electronics (NGC II)LPTCryocooler (excl. LPT & vacuum)Vacuum system
Global warmingkg CO2 eq3,72E+055,80E+046,07E+044,48E+031,52E+052,48E+046,65E+045,43E+03
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,51E-012,64E-022,75E-021,27E-036,43E-029,62E-031,92E-022,27E-03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq9,15E+043,45E+043,55E+042,24E+021,48E+041,74E+034,42E+033,68E+02
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq8,60E+021,00E+021,05E+022,38E+013,76E+027,13E+011,65E+021,81E+01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq8,49E+027,94E+018,50E+011,04E+013,24E+028,90E+012,36E+022,45E+01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq8,84E+021,03E+021,08E+022,42E+013,86E+027,32E+011,70E+021,86E+01
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,66E+031,96E+022,09E+022,45E+015,82E+022,09E+023,75E+026,04E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,40E+025,47E+015,73E+011,98E+001,25E+022,47E+016,83E+018,04E+00
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq7,09E+013,97E+004,12E+001,40E-017,30E+004,62E+013,15E+006,01E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,87E+065,79E+046,72E+049,66E+033,27E+055,06E+051,76E+061,42E+05
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,82E+042,62E+033,06E+032,76E+022,31E+041,32E+043,12E+044,69E+03
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,02E+053,47E+034,04E+033,63E+023,03E+041,68E+044,10E+045,96E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,77E+057,35E+038,40E+031,22E+032,94E+043,89E+042,80E+051,16E+04
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,00E+067,56E+048,47E+046,55E+034,55E+052,80E+051,01E+068,90E+04
Land usem2a crop eq1,44E+041,92E+031,99E+034,65E+024,21E+032,54E+032,77E+035,12E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq1,05E+041,01E+021,28E+023,98E+011,34E+033,21E+035,07E+036,15E+02
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq9,63E+041,58E+041,65E+041,20E+033,91E+045,91E+031,64E+041,35E+03
Water consumptionm34,08E+038,01E+028,18E+022,98E+011,29E+033,82E+026,99E+026,44E+01
H-CCDs
Impact categoryUnitTotalCalcium fluoride, optical gradeFused silica glassGlass tube, borosilicate {RoW}| glass tube production, borosilicate | Cut-off, SRead-out electronics (NGC II)LPTVacuum systemCryocooler (excl. LPT & vacuum)
Global warmingkg CO2 eq4,44E+057,83E+041,11E+054,94E+031,52E+052,48E+045,43E+036,65E+04
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,83E-013,54E-025,06E-021,40E-036,43E-029,62E-032,27E-031,92E-02
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq1,33E+054,58E+046,61E+042,48E+021,48E+041,74E+033,68E+024,42E+03
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq9,85E+021,36E+021,93E+022,63E+013,76E+027,13E+011,81E+011,65E+02
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq9,47E+021,10E+021,52E+021,14E+013,24E+028,90E+012,45E+012,36E+02
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq1,01E+031,40E+021,98E+022,68E+013,86E+027,32E+011,86E+011,70E+02
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,90E+032,69E+023,76E+022,71E+015,82E+022,09E+026,04E+013,75E+02
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq4,07E+027,39E+011,05E+022,18E+001,25E+022,47E+018,04E+006,83E+01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq7,57E+015,32E+007,61E+001,54E-017,30E+004,62E+016,01E+003,15E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,95E+068,66E+041,11E+051,07E+043,27E+055,06E+051,42E+051,76E+06
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB8,15E+043,95E+035,03E+033,05E+022,31E+041,32E+044,69E+033,12E+04
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,06E+055,21E+036,66E+034,00E+023,03E+041,68E+045,96E+034,10E+04
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,86E+051,08E+041,41E+041,35E+032,94E+043,89E+041,16E+042,80E+05
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,09E+061,09E+051,45E+057,23E+034,55E+052,80E+058,90E+041,01E+06
Land usem2a crop eq1,68E+042,56E+033,67E+035,13E+024,21E+032,54E+035,12E+022,77E+03
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq1,06E+041,65E+021,93E+024,39E+011,34E+033,21E+036,15E+025,07E+03
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,16E+052,13E+043,03E+041,33E+033,91E+045,91E+031,35E+031,64E+04
Water consumptionm35,06E+031,06E+031,54E+033,29E+011,29E+033,82E+026,44E+016,99E+02
I-CCDs
Impact categoryUnitTotalFused silica glassCalcium fluoride, optical gradeGlass tube, borosilicate {RoW}| glass tube production, borosilicate | Cut-off, SRead-out electronics (NGC II)LPTCryocooler (excl. LPT & vacuum)Vacuum system
Global warmingkg CO2 eq4,00E+058,43E+046,23E+044,17E+031,52E+052,48E+046,65E+045,43E+03
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,63E-013,83E-022,82E-021,18E-036,43E-029,62E-031,92E-022,27E-03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq1,08E+055,01E+043,65E+042,09E+021,48E+041,74E+034,42E+033,68E+02
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq9,06E+021,46E+021,08E+022,22E+013,76E+027,13E+011,65E+021,81E+01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq8,86E+021,15E+028,73E+019,66E+003,24E+028,90E+012,36E+022,45E+01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq9,32E+021,50E+021,11E+022,26E+013,86E+027,32E+011,70E+021,86E+01
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,75E+032,85E+022,14E+022,29E+015,82E+022,09E+023,75E+026,04E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,66E+027,95E+015,88E+011,84E+001,25E+022,47E+016,83E+018,04E+00
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq7,28E+015,77E+004,23E+001,30E-017,30E+004,62E+013,15E+006,01E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,90E+068,41E+046,90E+048,99E+033,27E+055,06E+051,76E+061,42E+05
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,94E+043,81E+033,14E+032,57E+022,31E+041,32E+043,12E+044,69E+03
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,03E+055,05E+034,14E+033,38E+023,03E+041,68E+044,10E+045,96E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,80E+051,07E+048,62E+031,14E+032,94E+043,89E+042,80E+051,16E+04
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,03E+061,10E+058,69E+046,10E+034,55E+052,80E+051,01E+068,90E+04
Land usem2a crop eq1,53E+042,78E+032,04E+034,33E+024,21E+032,54E+032,77E+035,12E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq1,06E+041,46E+021,32E+023,71E+011,34E+033,21E+035,07E+036,15E+02
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,04E+052,30E+041,69E+041,12E+033,91E+045,91E+031,64E+041,35E+03
Water consumptionm34,47E+031,16E+038,40E+022,77E+011,29E+033,82E+026,99E+026,44E+01
J-CCDs
Impact categoryUnitTotalFused silica glassCalcium fluoride, optical gradeGlass tube, borosilicate {RoW}| glass tube production, borosilicate | Cut-off, SRead-out electronics (NGC II)LPTCryocooler (excl. LPT & vacuum)Vacuum system
Global warmingkg CO2 eq4,00E+058,43E+046,23E+044,17E+031,52E+052,48E+046,65E+045,43E+03
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,63E-013,83E-022,82E-021,18E-036,43E-029,62E-031,92E-022,27E-03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq1,08E+055,01E+043,65E+042,09E+021,48E+041,74E+034,42E+033,68E+02
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq9,06E+021,46E+021,08E+022,22E+013,76E+027,13E+011,65E+021,81E+01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq8,86E+021,15E+028,73E+019,66E+003,24E+028,90E+012,36E+022,45E+01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq9,32E+021,50E+021,11E+022,26E+013,86E+027,32E+011,70E+021,86E+01
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,75E+032,85E+022,14E+022,29E+015,82E+022,09E+023,75E+026,04E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,66E+027,95E+015,88E+011,84E+001,25E+022,47E+016,83E+018,04E+00
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq7,28E+015,77E+004,23E+001,30E-017,30E+004,62E+013,15E+006,01E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,90E+068,41E+046,90E+048,99E+033,27E+055,06E+051,76E+061,42E+05
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,94E+043,81E+033,14E+032,57E+022,31E+041,32E+043,12E+044,69E+03
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,03E+055,05E+034,14E+033,38E+023,03E+041,68E+044,10E+045,96E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,80E+051,07E+048,62E+031,14E+032,94E+043,89E+042,80E+051,16E+04
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,03E+061,10E+058,69E+046,10E+034,55E+052,80E+051,01E+068,90E+04
Land usem2a crop eq1,53E+042,78E+032,04E+034,33E+024,21E+032,54E+032,77E+035,12E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq1,06E+041,46E+021,32E+023,71E+011,34E+033,21E+035,07E+036,15E+02
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,04E+052,30E+041,69E+041,12E+033,91E+045,91E+031,64E+041,35E+03
Water consumptionm34,47E+031,16E+038,40E+022,77E+011,29E+033,82E+026,99E+026,44E+01
K-CCDs
Impact categoryUnitTotalFused silica glassCalcium fluoride, optical gradeGlass tube, borosilicate {RoW}| glass tube production, borosilicate | Cut-off, SRead-out electronics (NGC II)Cryocooler (excl. LPT & vacuum)LPTVacuum system
Global warmingkg CO2 eq3,68E+056,73E+044,91E+042,65E+031,52E+056,65E+042,48E+045,43E+03
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,49E-013,06E-022,22E-027,48E-046,43E-021,92E-029,62E-032,27E-03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq9,02E+044,00E+042,87E+041,33E+021,48E+044,42E+031,74E+033,68E+02
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq8,46E+021,17E+028,51E+011,41E+013,76E+021,65E+027,13E+011,81E+01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq8,41E+029,22E+016,87E+016,13E+003,24E+022,36E+028,90E+012,45E+01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq8,70E+021,20E+028,76E+011,43E+013,86E+021,70E+027,32E+011,86E+01
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,64E+032,28E+021,69E+021,45E+015,82E+023,75E+022,09E+026,04E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,37E+026,35E+014,63E+011,17E+001,25E+026,83E+012,47E+018,04E+00
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq7,07E+014,61E+003,33E+008,24E-027,30E+003,15E+004,62E+016,01E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,86E+066,72E+045,43E+045,70E+033,27E+051,76E+065,06E+051,42E+05
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,79E+043,05E+032,47E+031,63E+022,31E+043,12E+041,32E+044,69E+03
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,01E+054,03E+033,26E+032,14E+023,03E+044,10E+041,68E+045,96E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,76E+058,54E+036,79E+037,22E+022,94E+042,80E+053,89E+041,16E+04
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,99E+068,78E+046,85E+043,87E+034,55E+051,01E+062,80E+058,90E+04
Land usem2a crop eq1,41E+042,22E+031,61E+032,75E+024,21E+032,77E+032,54E+035,12E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq1,05E+041,17E+021,04E+022,35E+011,34E+035,07E+033,21E+036,15E+02
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq9,52E+041,84E+041,33E+047,12E+023,91E+041,64E+045,91E+031,35E+03
L-CCDs
Impact categoryUnitTotalFused silica glassCalcium fluoride, optical gradeGlass tube, borosilicate {RoW}| glass tube production, borosilicate | Cut-off, SRead-out electronics (NGC II)LPTCryocooler (excl. LPT & vacuum)Vacuum system
Global warmingkg CO2 eq3,63E+056,52E+044,47E+043,73E+031,52E+052,48E+046,65E+045,43E+03
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,46E-012,96E-022,02E-021,05E-036,43E-029,62E-031,92E-022,27E-03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq8,64E+043,87E+042,62E+041,87E+021,48E+041,74E+034,42E+033,68E+02
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq8,40E+021,13E+027,75E+011,99E+013,76E+027,13E+011,65E+021,81E+01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq8,34E+028,92E+016,26E+018,65E+003,24E+028,90E+012,36E+022,45E+01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq8,64E+021,16E+027,98E+012,02E+013,86E+027,32E+011,70E+021,86E+01
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,62E+032,21E+021,54E+022,04E+015,82E+022,09E+023,75E+026,04E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,32E+026,14E+014,22E+011,65E+001,25E+022,47E+016,83E+018,04E+00
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq7,03E+014,46E+003,04E+001,16E-017,30E+004,62E+013,15E+006,01E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,86E+066,50E+044,95E+048,05E+033,27E+055,06E+051,76E+061,42E+05
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,77E+042,95E+032,25E+032,30E+022,31E+041,32E+043,12E+044,69E+03
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,01E+053,90E+032,97E+033,02E+023,03E+041,68E+044,10E+045,96E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,75E+058,26E+036,19E+031,02E+032,94E+043,89E+042,80E+051,16E+04
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,98E+068,49E+046,24E+045,46E+034,55E+052,80E+051,01E+068,90E+04
Land usem2a crop eq1,40E+042,15E+031,46E+033,88E+024,21E+032,54E+032,77E+035,12E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq1,05E+041,13E+029,45E+013,32E+011,34E+033,21E+035,07E+036,15E+02
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq9,37E+041,78E+041,22E+041,00E+033,91E+045,91E+031,64E+041,35E+03
Water consumptionm33,96E+039,00E+026,03E+022,48E+011,29E+033,82E+026,99E+026,44E+01
M-CCDs
Impact categoryUnitTotalFused silica glassCalcium fluoride, optical gradeGlass tube, borosilicate {RoW}| glass tube production, borosilicate | Cut-off, SRead-out electronics (NGC II)LPTCryocooler (excl. LPT & vacuum)Vacuum system
Global warmingkg CO2 eq3,63E+056,52E+044,47E+043,73E+031,52E+052,48E+046,65E+045,43E+03
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,46E-012,96E-022,02E-021,05E-036,43E-029,62E-031,92E-022,27E-03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq8,64E+043,87E+042,62E+041,87E+021,48E+041,74E+034,42E+033,68E+02
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq8,40E+021,13E+027,75E+011,99E+013,76E+027,13E+011,65E+021,81E+01
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq8,34E+028,92E+016,26E+018,65E+003,24E+028,90E+012,36E+022,45E+01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq8,64E+021,16E+027,98E+012,02E+013,86E+027,32E+011,70E+021,86E+01
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,62E+032,21E+021,54E+022,04E+015,82E+022,09E+023,75E+026,04E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,32E+026,14E+014,22E+011,65E+001,25E+022,47E+016,83E+018,04E+00
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq7,03E+014,46E+003,04E+001,16E-017,30E+004,62E+013,15E+006,01E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,86E+066,50E+044,95E+048,05E+033,27E+055,06E+051,76E+061,42E+05
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,77E+042,95E+032,25E+032,30E+022,31E+041,32E+043,12E+044,69E+03
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,01E+053,90E+032,97E+033,02E+023,03E+041,68E+044,10E+045,96E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,75E+058,26E+036,19E+031,02E+032,94E+043,89E+042,80E+051,16E+04
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,98E+068,49E+046,24E+045,46E+034,55E+052,80E+051,01E+068,90E+04
Land usem2a crop eq1,40E+042,15E+031,46E+033,88E+024,21E+032,54E+032,77E+035,12E+02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq1,05E+041,13E+029,45E+013,32E+011,34E+033,21E+035,07E+036,15E+02
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq9,37E+041,78E+041,22E+041,00E+033,91E+045,91E+031,64E+041,35E+03
A-CMOS
Impact categoryUnitTotalCO2 cooling system – All instrumentsRead-out electronics (FPGA)Optics IFU One Spectrograph AVacuum systemTEC Peltier type
Global warmingkg CO2 eq6,20E+053,71E+031,24E+054,88E+054,07E+032,58E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq2,71E-011,45E-035,38E-022,14E-011,70E-032,20E-04
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq2,77E+051,91E+021,26E+042,64E+052,76E+022,26E+01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq1,33E+031,33E+013,13E+029,94E+021,36E+011,55E+00
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq1,02E+031,93E+012,56E+027,18E+021,84E+014,82E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq1,37E+031,37E+013,21E+021,02E+031,39E+011,59E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq2,31E+034,70E+014,41E+021,76E+034,53E+011,59E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq5,67E+026,67E+001,14E+024,40E+026,03E+003,68E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq4,25E+011,67E-016,15E+003,17E+014,51E+001,52E-02
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,00E+061,26E+051,90E+055,72E+051,07E+055,99E+03
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,77E+044,41E+032,51E+042,45E+043,52E+031,82E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,57E+045,60E+033,30E+043,24E+044,47E+032,37E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,16E+051,57E+041,92E+047,19E+048,72E+031,62E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,29E+068,34E+044,61E+056,74E+056,68E+044,72E+03
Land usem2a crop eq2,34E+042,53E+023,81E+031,89E+043,84E+024,88E+01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq3,29E+033,08E+021,22E+031,27E+034,61E+022,96E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,67E+059,16E+023,20E+041,33E+051,02E+037,14E+01
Water consumptionm37,43E+034,33E+011,00E+036,33E+034,83E+015,01E+00
B- CMOS
Impact categoryUnitTotalCO2 cooling system – All instrumentsRead-out electronics (FPGA)Optics IFU One Spectrograph BVacuum systemTEC Peltier type
Global warmingkg CO2 eq4,58E+053,71E+031,24E+053,26E+054,07E+032,58E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq2,05E-011,45E-035,38E-021,48E-011,70E-032,20E-04
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq2,07E+051,91E+021,26E+041,93E+052,76E+022,26E+01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq9,05E+021,33E+013,13E+025,64E+021,36E+011,55E+00
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq7,44E+021,93E+012,56E+024,46E+021,84E+014,82E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq9,31E+021,37E+013,21E+025,81E+021,39E+011,59E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,65E+034,70E+014,41E+021,10E+034,53E+011,59E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq4,34E+026,67E+001,14E+023,07E+026,03E+003,68E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq3,31E+011,67E-016,15E+002,23E+014,51E+001,52E-02
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,54E+051,26E+051,90E+053,25E+051,07E+055,99E+03
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,79E+044,41E+032,51E+041,47E+043,52E+031,82E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,28E+045,60E+033,30E+041,95E+044,47E+032,37E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB8,51E+041,57E+041,92E+044,13E+048,72E+031,62E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,04E+068,34E+044,61E+054,24E+056,68E+044,72E+03
Land usem2a crop eq1,53E+042,53E+023,81E+031,08E+043,84E+024,88E+01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,59E+033,08E+021,22E+035,65E+024,61E+022,96E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,23E+059,16E+023,20E+048,88E+041,02E+037,14E+01
Water consumptionm35,60E+034,33E+011,00E+034,50E+034,83E+015,01E+00
C-CMOS
Impact categoryUnitTotalCO2 cooling system – All instrumentsRead-out electronics (FPGA)Optics IFU One Spectrograph CVacuum systemTEC Peltier type
Global warmingkg CO2 eq5,00E+053,57E+031,10E+053,83E+053,62E+032,29E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq2,21E-011,39E-034,79E-021,70E-011,51E-031,95E-04
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq2,26E+051,84E+021,12E+042,15E+052,46E+022,01E+01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq1,04E+031,28E+012,78E+027,37E+021,21E+011,37E+00
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq8,16E+021,86E+012,28E+025,49E+021,63E+014,29E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq1,07E+031,32E+012,85E+027,57E+021,24E+011,41E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,84E+034,52E+013,92E+021,35E+034,03E+011,42E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq4,64E+026,42E+001,01E+023,51E+025,36E+003,27E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq3,50E+011,61E-015,46E+002,53E+014,00E+001,35E-02
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB8,14E+051,21E+051,69E+054,24E+059,50E+045,32E+03
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,84E+044,24E+032,23E+041,85E+043,12E+031,62E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,34E+045,39E+032,94E+042,45E+043,97E+032,11E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB9,35E+041,51E+041,71E+045,35E+047,75E+031,44E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,07E+068,02E+044,09E+055,18E+055,94E+044,20E+03
Land usem2a crop eq1,81E+042,44E+023,39E+031,40E+043,41E+024,34E+01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,69E+032,96E+021,09E+038,75E+024,10E+022,63E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,34E+058,81E+022,85E+041,04E+059,03E+026,35E+01
Water consumptionm36,06E+034,16E+018,91E+025,08E+034,29E+014,46E+00
D-CMOS
Impact categoryUnitTotalCO2 cooling system – All instrumentsRead-out electronics (FPGA)Optics IFU One Spectrograph DVacuum systemTEC Peltier type
Global warmingkg CO2 eq3,67E+053,71E+031,24E+052,36E+054,07E+032,58E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,62E-011,45E-035,38E-021,04E-011,70E-032,20E-04
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq1,45E+051,91E+021,26E+041,31E+052,76E+022,26E+01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq8,01E+021,33E+013,13E+024,60E+021,36E+011,55E+00
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq6,37E+021,93E+012,56E+023,38E+021,84E+014,82E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq8,22E+021,37E+013,21E+024,72E+021,39E+011,59E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,38E+034,70E+014,41E+028,31E+024,53E+011,59E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,42E+026,67E+001,14E+022,15E+026,03E+003,68E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq2,64E+011,67E-016,15E+001,55E+014,51E+001,52E-02
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,89E+051,26E+051,90E+052,60E+051,07E+055,99E+03
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,45E+044,41E+032,51E+041,13E+043,52E+031,82E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,83E+045,60E+033,30E+041,49E+044,47E+032,37E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,67E+041,57E+041,92E+043,29E+048,72E+031,62E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB9,32E+058,34E+044,61E+053,16E+056,68E+044,72E+03
Land usem2a crop eq1,33E+042,53E+023,81E+038,77E+033,84E+024,88E+01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,56E+033,08E+021,22E+035,42E+024,61E+022,96E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq9,81E+049,16E+023,20E+046,41E+041,02E+037,14E+01
Water consumptionm34,22E+034,33E+011,00E+033,12E+034,83E+015,01E+00
E-CMOS
Impact categoryUnitTotalCO2 cooling system – All instrumentsRead-out electronics (FPGA)Optics IFU One Spectrograph EVacuum systemTEC Peltier type
Global warmingkg CO2 eq3,31E+054,03E+031,65E+051,56E+055,43E+033,44E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,46E-011,57E-037,18E-026,99E-022,27E-032,93E-04
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq1,07E+052,08E+021,68E+048,93E+043,68E+023,02E+01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq7,40E+021,45E+014,17E+022,89E+021,81E+012,06E+00
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq6,14E+022,10E+013,42E+022,21E+022,45E+016,43E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq7,60E+021,49E+014,28E+022,97E+021,86E+012,12E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,26E+035,10E+015,88E+025,42E+026,04E+012,12E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,12E+027,24E+001,52E+021,45E+028,04E+004,91E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq2,49E+011,82E-018,19E+001,04E+016,01E+002,02E-02
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,10E+051,36E+052,54E+051,69E+051,42E+057,98E+03
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,07E+044,78E+033,34E+047,50E+034,69E+032,43E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,63E+046,08E+034,40E+049,91E+035,96E+033,16E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,58E+041,70E+042,56E+042,13E+041,16E+042,16E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,01E+069,05E+046,14E+052,10E+058,90E+046,30E+03
Land usem2a crop eq1,14E+042,75E+025,08E+035,49E+035,12E+026,51E+01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,95E+033,34E+021,63E+033,33E+026,15E+023,95E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq8,76E+049,93E+024,27E+044,25E+041,35E+039,53E+01
Water consumptionm33,55E+034,69E+011,34E+032,09E+036,44E+016,68E+00
F-CMOS
Impact categoryUnitTotalCO2 cooling system – All instrumentsOptics IFU One Spectrograph FRead-out electronics (FPGA)Vacuum systemTEC Peltier type
Global warmingkg CO2 eq2,98E+054,03E+031,23E+051,65E+055,43E+033,44E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,31E-011,57E-035,51E-027,18E-022,27E-032,93E-04
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq8,77E+042,08E+027,02E+041,68E+043,68E+023,02E+01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq6,81E+021,45E+012,30E+024,17E+021,81E+012,06E+00
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq5,68E+022,10E+011,75E+023,42E+022,45E+016,43E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq7,00E+021,49E+012,36E+024,28E+021,86E+012,12E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,15E+035,10E+014,29E+025,88E+026,04E+012,12E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq2,82E+027,24E+001,14E+021,52E+028,04E+004,91E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq2,26E+011,82E-018,23E+008,19E+006,01E+002,02E-02
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,75E+051,36E+051,35E+052,54E+051,42E+057,98E+03
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,91E+044,78E+035,96E+033,34E+044,69E+032,43E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,43E+046,08E+037,87E+034,40E+045,96E+033,16E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,15E+041,70E+041,70E+042,56E+041,16E+042,16E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB9,67E+059,05E+041,67E+056,14E+058,90E+046,30E+03
Land usem2a crop eq1,03E+042,75E+024,37E+035,08E+035,12E+026,51E+01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,89E+033,34E+022,69E+021,63E+036,15E+023,95E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq7,87E+049,93E+023,35E+044,27E+041,35E+039,53E+01
Water consumptionm33,10E+034,69E+011,65E+031,34E+036,44E+016,68E+00
G-CMOS
Impact categoryUnitTotalCO2 cooling system – All instrumentsOptics IFU One Spectrograph GRead-out electronics (FPGA)Vacuum systemTEC Peltier type
Global warmingkg CO2 eq2,98E+054,03E+031,23E+051,65E+055,43E+033,44E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,31E-011,57E-035,51E-027,18E-022,27E-032,93E-04
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq8,77E+042,08E+027,02E+041,68E+043,68E+023,02E+01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq6,81E+021,45E+012,30E+024,17E+021,81E+012,06E+00
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq5,68E+022,10E+011,75E+023,42E+022,45E+016,43E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq7,00E+021,49E+012,36E+024,28E+021,86E+012,12E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,15E+035,10E+014,29E+025,88E+026,04E+012,12E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq2,82E+027,24E+001,14E+021,52E+028,04E+004,91E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq2,26E+011,82E-018,23E+008,19E+006,01E+002,02E-02
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,75E+051,36E+051,35E+052,54E+051,42E+057,98E+03
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,91E+044,78E+035,96E+033,34E+044,69E+032,43E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,43E+046,08E+037,87E+034,40E+045,96E+033,16E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,15E+041,70E+041,70E+042,56E+041,16E+042,16E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB9,67E+059,05E+041,67E+056,14E+058,90E+046,30E+03
Land usem2a crop eq1,03E+042,75E+024,37E+035,08E+035,12E+026,51E+01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,89E+033,34E+022,69E+021,63E+036,15E+023,95E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq7,87E+049,93E+023,35E+044,27E+041,35E+039,53E+01
Water consumptionm33,10E+034,69E+011,65E+031,34E+036,44E+016,68E+00
H-CMOS
Impact categoryUnitTotalCO2 cooling system – All instrumentsOptics IFU One Spectrograph HRead-out electronics (FPGA)Vacuum systemTEC Peltier type
Global warmingkg CO2 eq3,69E+054,03E+031,94E+051,65E+055,43E+033,44E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,63E-011,57E-038,74E-027,18E-022,27E-032,93E-04
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq1,30E+052,08E+021,12E+051,68E+043,68E+023,02E+01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq8,06E+021,45E+013,55E+024,17E+021,81E+012,06E+00
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq6,67E+022,10E+012,73E+023,42E+022,45E+016,43E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq8,28E+021,49E+013,65E+024,28E+021,86E+012,12E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,39E+035,10E+016,73E+025,88E+026,04E+012,12E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,49E+027,24E+001,81E+021,52E+028,04E+004,91E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq2,75E+011,82E-011,31E+018,19E+006,01E+002,02E-02
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,49E+051,36E+052,08E+052,54E+051,42E+057,98E+03
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,24E+044,78E+039,28E+033,34E+044,69E+032,43E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,87E+046,08E+031,23E+044,40E+045,96E+033,16E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB8,08E+041,70E+042,63E+042,56E+041,16E+042,16E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,06E+069,05E+042,61E+056,14E+058,90E+046,30E+03
Land usem2a crop eq1,27E+042,75E+026,75E+035,08E+035,12E+026,51E+01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq3,02E+033,34E+024,03E+021,63E+036,15E+023,95E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq9,81E+049,93E+025,29E+044,27E+041,35E+039,53E+01
Water consumptionm34,08E+034,69E+012,62E+031,34E+036,44E+016,68E+00
I-CMOS
Impact categoryUnitTotalCO2 cooling system – All instrumentsOptics IFU One Spectrograph IRead-out electronics (FPGA)Vacuum systemTEC Peltier type
Global warmingkg CO2 eq3,26E+054,03E+031,51E+051,65E+055,43E+033,44E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,44E-011,57E-036,77E-027,18E-022,27E-032,93E-04
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq1,04E+052,08E+028,67E+041,68E+043,68E+023,02E+01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq7,28E+021,45E+012,76E+024,17E+021,81E+012,06E+00
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq6,06E+022,10E+012,12E+023,42E+022,45E+016,43E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq7,48E+021,49E+012,84E+024,28E+021,86E+012,12E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,24E+035,10E+015,22E+025,88E+026,04E+012,12E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,08E+027,24E+001,40E+021,52E+028,04E+004,91E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq2,45E+011,82E-011,01E+018,19E+006,01E+002,02E-02
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,03E+051,36E+051,62E+052,54E+051,42E+057,98E+03
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,04E+044,78E+037,21E+033,34E+044,69E+032,43E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,59E+046,08E+039,53E+034,40E+045,96E+033,16E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,49E+041,70E+042,04E+042,56E+041,16E+042,16E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,00E+069,05E+042,03E+056,14E+058,90E+046,30E+03
Land usem2a crop eq1,12E+042,75E+025,26E+035,08E+035,12E+026,51E+01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,93E+033,34E+023,15E+021,63E+036,15E+023,95E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq8,62E+049,93E+024,10E+044,27E+041,35E+039,53E+01
Water consumptionm33,49E+034,69E+012,03E+031,34E+036,44E+016,68E+00
J-CMOS
Impact categoryUnitTotalCO2 cooling system – All instrumentsOptics IFU One Spectrograph JRead-out electronics (FPGA)Vacuum systemTEC Peltier type
Global warmingkg CO2 eq3,26E+054,03E+031,51E+051,65E+055,43E+033,44E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,44E-011,57E-036,77E-027,18E-022,27E-032,93E-04
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq1,04E+052,08E+028,67E+041,68E+043,68E+023,02E+01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq7,28E+021,45E+012,76E+024,17E+021,81E+012,06E+00
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq6,06E+022,10E+012,12E+023,42E+022,45E+016,43E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq7,48E+021,49E+012,84E+024,28E+021,86E+012,12E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,24E+035,10E+015,22E+025,88E+026,04E+012,12E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,08E+027,24E+001,40E+021,52E+028,04E+004,91E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq2,45E+011,82E-011,01E+018,19E+006,01E+002,02E-02
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,03E+051,36E+051,62E+052,54E+051,42E+057,98E+03
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,04E+044,78E+037,21E+033,34E+044,69E+032,43E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,59E+046,08E+039,53E+034,40E+045,96E+033,16E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,49E+041,70E+042,04E+042,56E+041,16E+042,16E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,00E+069,05E+042,03E+056,14E+058,90E+046,30E+03
Land usem2a crop eq1,12E+042,75E+025,26E+035,08E+035,12E+026,51E+01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,93E+033,34E+023,15E+021,63E+036,15E+023,95E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq8,62E+049,93E+024,10E+044,27E+041,35E+039,53E+01
Water consumptionm33,49E+034,69E+012,03E+031,34E+036,44E+016,68E+00
K-CMOS
Impact categoryUnitTotalCO2 cooling system – All instrumentsOptics IFU One Spectrograph KRead-out electronics (FPGA)Vacuum systemTEC Peltier type
Global warmingkg CO2 eq2,94E+054,03E+031,19E+051,65E+055,43E+033,44E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,29E-011,57E-035,36E-027,18E-022,27E-032,93E-04
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq8,63E+042,08E+026,89E+041,68E+043,68E+023,02E+01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq6,67E+021,45E+012,16E+024,17E+021,81E+012,06E+00
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq5,61E+022,10E+011,67E+023,42E+022,45E+016,43E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq6,85E+021,49E+012,22E+024,28E+021,86E+012,12E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,13E+035,10E+014,11E+025,88E+026,04E+012,12E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq2,79E+027,24E+001,11E+021,52E+028,04E+004,91E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq2,24E+011,82E-018,02E+008,19E+006,01E+002,02E-02
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,68E+051,36E+051,27E+052,54E+051,42E+057,98E+03
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,88E+044,78E+035,68E+033,34E+044,69E+032,43E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,39E+046,08E+037,51E+034,40E+045,96E+033,16E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,05E+041,70E+041,60E+042,56E+041,16E+042,16E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB9,60E+059,05E+041,60E+056,14E+058,90E+046,30E+03
Land usem2a crop eq1,00E+042,75E+024,11E+035,08E+035,12E+026,51E+01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,86E+033,34E+022,44E+021,63E+036,15E+023,95E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq7,75E+049,93E+023,24E+044,27E+041,35E+039,53E+01
Water consumptionm33,06E+034,69E+011,61E+031,34E+036,44E+016,68E+00
L-CMOS
Impact categoryUnitTotalCO2 cooling system – All instrumentsOptics IFU One Spectrograph LRead-out electronics (FPGA)Vacuum systemTEC Peltier type
Global warmingkg CO2 eq2,89E+054,03E+031,14E+051,65E+055,43E+033,44E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,27E-011,57E-035,09E-027,18E-022,27E-032,93E-04
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq8,25E+042,08E+026,51E+041,68E+043,68E+023,02E+01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq6,62E+021,45E+012,10E+024,17E+021,81E+012,06E+00
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq5,54E+022,10E+011,60E+023,42E+022,45E+016,43E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq6,80E+021,49E+012,16E+024,28E+021,86E+012,12E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,12E+035,10E+013,95E+025,88E+026,04E+012,12E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq2,73E+027,24E+001,05E+021,52E+028,04E+004,91E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq2,20E+011,82E-017,61E+008,19E+006,01E+002,02E-02
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,63E+051,36E+051,23E+052,54E+051,42E+057,98E+03
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,86E+044,78E+035,43E+033,34E+044,69E+032,43E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,36E+046,08E+037,18E+034,40E+045,96E+033,16E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,00E+041,70E+041,55E+042,56E+041,16E+042,16E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB9,53E+059,05E+041,53E+056,14E+058,90E+046,30E+03
Land usem2a crop eq9,94E+032,75E+024,00E+035,08E+035,12E+026,51E+01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,86E+033,34E+022,41E+021,63E+036,15E+023,95E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq7,61E+049,93E+023,09E+044,27E+041,35E+039,53E+01
Water consumptionm32,98E+034,69E+011,53E+031,34E+036,44E+016,68E+00
M-CMOS
Impact categoryUnitTotalCO2 cooling system – All instrumentsOptics IFU One Spectrograph MRead-out electronics (FPGA)Vacuum systemTEC Peltier type
Global warmingkg CO2 eq2,89E+054,03E+031,14E+051,65E+055,43E+033,44E+02
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,27E-011,57E-035,09E-027,18E-022,27E-032,93E-04
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq8,25E+042,08E+026,51E+041,68E+043,68E+023,02E+01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq6,62E+021,45E+012,10E+024,17E+021,81E+012,06E+00
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq5,54E+022,10E+011,60E+023,42E+022,45E+016,43E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq6,80E+021,49E+012,16E+024,28E+021,86E+012,12E+00
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,12E+035,10E+013,95E+025,88E+026,04E+012,12E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq2,73E+027,24E+001,05E+021,52E+028,04E+004,91E-01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq2,20E+011,82E-017,61E+008,19E+006,01E+002,02E-02
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,63E+051,36E+051,23E+052,54E+051,42E+057,98E+03
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,86E+044,78E+035,43E+033,34E+044,69E+032,43E+02
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,36E+046,08E+037,18E+034,40E+045,96E+033,16E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,00E+041,70E+041,55E+042,56E+041,16E+042,16E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB9,53E+059,05E+041,53E+056,14E+058,90E+046,30E+03
Land usem2a crop eq9,94E+032,75E+024,00E+035,08E+035,12E+026,51E+01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,86E+033,34E+022,41E+021,63E+036,15E+023,95E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq7,61E+049,93E+023,09E+044,27E+041,35E+039,53E+01
Water consumptionm32,98E+034,69E+011,53E+031,34E+036,44E+016,68E+00
Operation footprint with error for the selected designs
A-CCDs
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq4,26E+034,27E+037,05E+021,65E-012,96E+035,57E+032,23E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,01E+051,01E+051,67E+041,65E-017,03E+041,32E+055,29E+02
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,24E+041,24E+042,05E+031,65E-018,60E+031,62E+046,47E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,08E+023,08E+025,09E+011,65E-012,14E+024,02E+021,61E+00
Global warmingkg CO2 eq3,73E+053,73E+056,17E+041,65E-012,59E+054,87E+051,95E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,57E+045,57E+049,21E+031,65E-013,87E+047,27E+042,91E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,75E+054,75E+057,86E+041,65E-013,30E+056,20E+052,48E+03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq8,10E+028,11E+021,34E+021,65E-015,63E+021,06E+034,24E+00
Land usem2a crop eq3,29E+033,29E+035,43E+021,65E-012,28E+034,29E+031,72E+01
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,68E+041,68E+042,77E+031,65E-011,17E+042,19E+048,77E+01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq1,51E+011,52E+012,51E+001,65E-011,05E+011,98E+017,92E-02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,71E+022,71E+024,48E+011,65E-011,88E+023,54E+021,42E+00
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq1,54E+031,55E+032,56E+021,65E-011,07E+032,02E+038,08E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq1,57E+031,57E+032,59E+021,65E-011,09E+032,05E+038,20E+00
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,12E-011,12E-011,85E-021,65E-017,76E-021,46E-015,83E-04
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,74E+031,74E+032,88E+021,65E-011,21E+032,27E+039,10E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,41E+052,41E+053,99E+041,65E-011,68E+053,15E+051,26E+03
Water consumptionm36,38E+026,38E+021,05E+021,65E-014,43E+028,33E+023,34E+00
A-CMOS
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq1,57E+031,58E+033,07E+021,95E-019,83E+022,15E+039,71E+00
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq3,74E+043,75E+047,28E+031,95E-012,33E+045,09E+042,30E+02
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,57E+034,58E+038,91E+021,95E-012,85E+036,23E+032,82E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq1,14E+021,14E+022,22E+011,95E-017,09E+011,55E+027,01E-01
Global warmingkg CO2 eq1,38E+051,38E+052,68E+041,95E-018,59E+041,88E+058,49E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,06E+042,06E+044,01E+031,95E-011,28E+042,80E+041,27E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,75E+051,76E+053,42E+041,95E-011,09E+052,39E+051,08E+03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq2,99E+023,00E+025,83E+011,95E-011,87E+024,08E+021,84E+00
Land usem2a crop eq1,21E+031,22E+032,37E+021,95E-017,57E+021,65E+037,48E+00
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,19E+036,21E+031,21E+031,95E-013,86E+038,44E+033,82E+01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq5,59E+005,61E+001,09E+001,95E-013,49E+007,62E+003,45E-02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq1,00E+021,00E+021,95E+011,95E-016,24E+011,36E+026,17E-01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq5,70E+025,72E+021,11E+021,95E-013,56E+027,78E+023,52E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq5,79E+025,80E+021,13E+021,95E-013,61E+027,89E+023,57E+00
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq4,12E-024,13E-028,03E-031,95E-012,57E-025,61E-022,54E-04
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq6,42E+026,44E+021,25E+021,95E-014,01E+028,75E+023,96E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB8,91E+048,93E+041,74E+041,95E-015,56E+041,21E+055,49E+02
Water consumptionm32,35E+022,36E+024,59E+011,95E-011,47E+023,21E+021,45E+00
B-CCDs
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq4,27E+034,28E+036,88E+021,61E-012,95E+035,56E+032,18E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,01E+051,01E+051,63E+041,61E-017,00E+041,32E+055,16E+02
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,24E+041,24E+042,00E+031,61E-018,56E+031,61E+046,31E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,08E+023,09E+024,97E+011,61E-012,13E+024,01E+021,57E+00
Global warmingkg CO2 eq3,73E+053,74E+056,01E+041,61E-012,58E+054,86E+051,90E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,57E+045,58E+048,98E+031,61E-013,85E+047,26E+042,84E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,75E+054,76E+057,66E+041,61E-013,29E+056,19E+052,42E+03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq8,11E+028,12E+021,31E+021,61E-015,61E+021,06E+034,13E+00
Land usem2a crop eq3,29E+033,29E+035,30E+021,61E-012,27E+034,28E+031,68E+01
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,68E+041,68E+042,70E+031,61E-011,16E+042,19E+048,55E+01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq1,52E+011,52E+012,44E+001,61E-011,05E+011,98E+017,73E-02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,71E+022,72E+024,37E+011,61E-011,88E+023,53E+021,38E+00
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq1,55E+031,55E+032,49E+021,61E-011,07E+032,01E+037,88E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq1,57E+031,57E+032,53E+021,61E-011,09E+032,04E+038,00E+00
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,12E-011,12E-011,80E-021,61E-017,72E-021,45E-015,69E-04
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,74E+031,74E+032,81E+021,61E-011,20E+032,27E+038,87E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,41E+052,42E+053,89E+041,61E-011,67E+053,14E+051,23E+03
Water consumptionm36,38E+026,39E+021,03E+021,61E-014,41E+028,32E+023,25E+00
B-CMOS
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq1,56E+031,56E+033,06E+021,97E-019,67E+022,13E+039,67E+00
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq3,69E+043,71E+047,25E+031,97E-012,29E+045,05E+042,29E+02
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,51E+034,53E+038,87E+021,97E-012,81E+036,18E+032,81E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq1,12E+021,13E+022,21E+011,97E-016,98E+011,54E+026,98E-01
Global warmingkg CO2 eq1,36E+051,37E+052,67E+041,97E-018,45E+041,86E+058,45E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,03E+042,04E+043,99E+031,97E-011,26E+042,78E+041,26E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,73E+051,74E+053,41E+041,97E-011,08E+052,37E+051,08E+03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq2,95E+022,97E+025,81E+011,97E-011,84E+024,05E+021,84E+00
Land usem2a crop eq1,20E+031,20E+032,36E+021,97E-017,45E+021,64E+037,45E+00
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,11E+036,14E+031,20E+031,97E-013,80E+038,37E+033,80E+01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq5,52E+005,55E+001,09E+001,97E-013,43E+007,57E+003,44E-02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq9,88E+019,93E+011,94E+011,97E-016,14E+011,35E+026,15E-01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq5,63E+025,66E+021,11E+021,97E-013,50E+027,72E+023,50E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq5,72E+025,74E+021,12E+021,97E-013,55E+027,83E+023,56E+00
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq4,07E-024,09E-028,00E-031,97E-012,53E-025,57E-022,53E-04
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq6,34E+026,37E+021,25E+021,97E-013,94E+028,69E+023,94E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB8,80E+048,84E+041,73E+041,97E-015,47E+041,21E+055,47E+02
Water consumptionm32,33E+022,34E+024,57E+011,97E-011,45E+023,19E+021,45E+00
C-CCDs
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq3,73E+033,70E+036,09E+021,63E-012,58E+034,90E+031,92E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq8,85E+048,77E+041,44E+041,63E-016,13E+041,16E+054,57E+02
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,08E+041,07E+041,77E+031,63E-017,50E+031,42E+045,59E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq2,69E+022,67E+024,39E+011,63E-011,86E+023,54E+021,39E+00
Global warmingkg CO2 eq3,26E+053,23E+055,32E+041,63E-012,26E+054,29E+051,68E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,87E+044,83E+047,95E+031,63E-013,37E+046,40E+042,51E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,15E+054,12E+056,78E+041,63E-012,88E+055,46E+052,14E+03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq7,09E+027,02E+021,16E+021,63E-014,91E+029,32E+023,66E+00
Land usem2a crop eq2,87E+032,85E+034,69E+021,63E-011,99E+033,78E+031,48E+01
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,47E+041,45E+042,39E+031,63E-011,02E+041,93E+047,57E+01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq1,33E+011,31E+012,16E+001,63E-019,18E+001,74E+016,84E-02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,37E+022,35E+023,87E+011,63E-011,64E+023,12E+021,22E+00
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq1,35E+031,34E+032,21E+021,63E-019,36E+021,78E+036,97E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq1,37E+031,36E+032,24E+021,63E-019,50E+021,80E+037,08E+00
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq9,76E-029,67E-021,59E-021,63E-016,76E-021,28E-015,04E-04
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,52E+031,51E+032,48E+021,63E-011,05E+032,00E+037,85E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,11E+052,09E+053,44E+041,63E-011,46E+052,77E+051,09E+03
Water consumptionm35,58E+025,53E+029,10E+011,63E-013,86E+027,34E+022,88E+00
C – CMOS
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq1,40E+031,41E+032,78E+021,99E-018,62E+021,91E+038,79E+00
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq3,32E+043,34E+046,60E+031,99E-012,05E+044,53E+042,09E+02
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,06E+034,09E+038,07E+021,99E-012,50E+035,54E+032,55E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq1,01E+021,02E+022,01E+011,99E-016,22E+011,38E+026,35E-01
Global warmingkg CO2 eq1,22E+051,23E+052,43E+041,99E-017,54E+041,67E+057,69E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,83E+041,84E+043,63E+031,99E-011,13E+042,49E+041,15E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,56E+051,57E+053,10E+041,99E-019,60E+042,13E+059,79E+02
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq2,66E+022,67E+025,28E+011,99E-011,64E+023,63E+021,67E+00
Land usem2a crop eq1,08E+031,08E+032,14E+021,99E-016,64E+021,47E+036,77E+00
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,50E+035,53E+031,09E+031,99E-013,39E+037,51E+033,46E+01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq4,97E+005,00E+009,88E-011,99E-013,06E+006,78E+003,12E-02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq8,89E+018,95E+011,77E+011,99E-015,48E+011,21E+025,59E-01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq5,07E+025,10E+021,01E+021,99E-013,12E+026,92E+023,19E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq5,14E+025,18E+021,02E+021,99E-013,17E+027,02E+023,23E+00
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq3,66E-023,68E-027,27E-031,99E-012,26E-025,00E-022,30E-04
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq5,70E+025,74E+021,13E+021,99E-013,52E+027,79E+023,59E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,91E+047,96E+041,57E+041,99E-014,88E+041,08E+054,97E+02
Water consumptionm32,09E+022,11E+024,16E+011,99E-011,29E+022,86E+021,31E+00
D-CCDs
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq4,24E+034,25E+036,65E+021,57E-012,98E+035,57E+032,10E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,01E+051,01E+051,58E+041,57E-017,08E+041,32E+054,99E+02
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,23E+041,23E+041,93E+031,57E-018,66E+031,62E+046,11E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq3,06E+023,07E+024,80E+011,57E-012,15E+024,02E+021,52E+00
Global warmingkg CO2 eq3,71E+053,72E+055,82E+041,57E-012,61E+054,87E+051,84E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB5,54E+045,55E+048,69E+031,57E-013,90E+047,27E+042,75E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,73E+054,74E+057,41E+041,57E-013,32E+056,20E+052,34E+03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq8,06E+028,08E+021,26E+021,57E-015,67E+021,06E+034,00E+00
Land usem2a crop eq3,27E+033,28E+035,13E+021,57E-012,30E+034,29E+031,62E+01
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,67E+041,67E+042,62E+031,57E-011,17E+042,19E+048,27E+01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq1,51E+011,51E+012,36E+001,57E-011,06E+011,98E+017,48E-02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq2,70E+022,70E+024,23E+011,57E-011,90E+023,54E+021,34E+00
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq1,54E+031,54E+032,41E+021,57E-011,08E+032,02E+037,62E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq1,56E+031,56E+032,45E+021,57E-011,10E+032,05E+037,74E+00
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,11E-011,11E-011,74E-021,57E-017,81E-021,46E-015,51E-04
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq1,73E+031,74E+032,71E+021,57E-011,22E+032,27E+038,58E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,40E+052,41E+053,76E+041,57E-011,69E+053,15E+051,19E+03
Water consumptionm36,35E+026,36E+029,95E+011,57E-014,46E+028,33E+023,15E+00
D – CMOS
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq1,56E+031,56E+033,06E+021,96E-019,84E+022,15E+039,67E+00
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq3,69E+043,70E+047,26E+031,96E-012,33E+045,10E+042,30E+02
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB4,52E+034,52E+038,88E+021,96E-012,85E+036,24E+032,81E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq1,12E+021,13E+022,21E+011,96E-017,10E+011,55E+026,98E-01
Global warmingkg CO2 eq1,36E+051,36E+052,67E+041,96E-018,60E+041,88E+058,46E+02
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,03E+042,04E+043,99E+031,96E-011,28E+042,81E+041,26E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,73E+051,74E+053,41E+041,96E-011,10E+052,40E+051,08E+03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq2,96E+022,96E+025,81E+011,96E-011,87E+024,09E+021,84E+00
Land usem2a crop eq1,20E+031,20E+032,36E+021,96E-017,58E+021,66E+037,45E+00
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,12E+036,13E+031,20E+031,96E-013,87E+038,46E+033,80E+01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq5,53E+005,54E+001,09E+001,96E-013,49E+007,64E+003,44E-02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq9,90E+019,91E+011,94E+011,96E-016,25E+011,37E+026,15E-01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq5,64E+025,65E+021,11E+021,96E-013,56E+027,80E+023,51E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq5,72E+025,73E+021,12E+021,96E-013,62E+027,91E+023,56E+00
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq4,07E-024,08E-028,00E-031,96E-012,57E-025,63E-022,53E-04
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq6,35E+026,36E+021,25E+021,96E-014,01E+028,78E+023,95E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB8,81E+048,82E+041,73E+041,96E-015,56E+041,22E+055,47E+02
Water consumptionm32,33E+022,33E+024,58E+011,96E-011,47E+023,22E+021,45E+00
E – CCDs
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq5,65E+035,68E+039,53E+021,69E-013,84E+037,47E+033,01E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,34E+051,35E+052,26E+041,69E-019,11E+041,77E+057,15E+02
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,64E+041,65E+042,76E+031,69E-011,11E+042,17E+048,74E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq4,07E+024,10E+026,88E+011,69E-012,77E+025,39E+022,17E+00
Global warmingkg CO2 eq4,94E+054,96E+058,33E+041,69E-013,36E+056,53E+052,63E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,37E+047,41E+041,24E+041,69E-015,01E+049,75E+043,93E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,29E+056,32E+051,06E+051,69E-014,28E+058,32E+053,36E+03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq1,07E+031,08E+031,81E+021,69E-017,29E+021,42E+035,72E+00
Land usem2a crop eq4,35E+034,37E+037,34E+021,69E-012,96E+035,76E+032,32E+01
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,22E+042,23E+043,74E+031,69E-011,51E+042,94E+041,18E+02
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq2,01E+012,02E+013,38E+001,69E-011,36E+012,65E+011,07E-01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq3,59E+023,61E+026,05E+011,69E-012,44E+024,75E+021,91E+00
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq2,05E+032,06E+033,45E+021,69E-011,39E+032,71E+031,09E+01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq2,08E+032,09E+033,50E+021,69E-011,41E+032,75E+031,11E+01
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,48E-011,48E-012,49E-021,69E-011,00E-011,95E-017,88E-04
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq2,30E+032,32E+033,89E+021,69E-011,57E+033,05E+031,23E+01
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,19E+053,21E+055,39E+041,69E-012,17E+054,23E+051,70E+03
Water consumptionm38,44E+028,49E+021,42E+021,69E-015,74E+021,12E+034,51E+00
E – CMOS
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq2,09E+032,09E+033,92E+021,88E-011,32E+032,83E+031,24E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq4,95E+044,95E+049,30E+031,88E-013,12E+046,71E+042,94E+02
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,06E+036,06E+031,14E+031,88E-013,82E+038,21E+033,60E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq1,51E+021,51E+022,83E+011,88E-019,51E+012,04E+028,95E-01
Global warmingkg CO2 eq1,82E+051,82E+053,43E+041,88E-011,15E+052,47E+051,08E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,72E+042,72E+045,12E+031,88E-011,72E+043,69E+041,62E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,32E+052,32E+054,37E+041,88E-011,47E+053,15E+051,38E+03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq3,96E+023,96E+027,45E+011,88E-012,50E+025,38E+022,36E+00
Land usem2a crop eq1,61E+031,61E+033,02E+021,88E-011,01E+032,18E+039,56E+00
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB8,20E+038,20E+031,54E+031,88E-015,18E+031,11E+044,87E+01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq7,41E+007,41E+001,39E+001,88E-014,68E+001,01E+014,41E-02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq1,33E+021,33E+022,49E+011,88E-018,37E+011,80E+027,88E-01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq7,56E+027,56E+021,42E+021,88E-014,77E+021,03E+034,49E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq7,67E+027,67E+021,44E+021,88E-014,84E+021,04E+034,56E+00
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq5,46E-025,46E-021,03E-021,88E-013,45E-027,40E-023,24E-04
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq8,51E+028,51E+021,60E+021,88E-015,37E+021,15E+035,06E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,18E+051,18E+052,22E+041,88E-017,45E+041,60E+057,01E+02
Water consumptionm33,12E+023,12E+025,87E+011,88E-011,97E+024,23E+021,85E+00
H – CCDs
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq5,65E+035,64E+039,05E+021,60E-013,91E+037,35E+032,86E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,34E+051,34E+052,15E+041,60E-019,27E+041,74E+056,79E+02
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,64E+041,64E+042,63E+031,60E-011,13E+042,13E+048,30E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq4,08E+024,07E+026,53E+011,60E-012,82E+025,30E+022,06E+00
Global warmingkg CO2 eq4,94E+054,93E+057,91E+041,60E-013,41E+056,42E+052,50E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,38E+047,37E+041,18E+041,60E-015,10E+049,59E+043,73E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,30E+056,29E+051,01E+051,60E-014,35E+058,19E+053,19E+03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq1,07E+031,07E+031,72E+021,60E-017,42E+021,40E+035,43E+00
Land usem2a crop eq4,36E+034,35E+036,97E+021,60E-013,01E+035,66E+032,20E+01
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,22E+042,22E+043,56E+031,60E-011,54E+042,89E+041,12E+02
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq2,01E+012,00E+013,21E+001,60E-011,39E+012,61E+011,02E-01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq3,59E+023,59E+025,75E+011,60E-012,48E+024,67E+021,82E+00
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq2,05E+032,04E+033,28E+021,60E-011,42E+032,66E+031,04E+01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq2,08E+032,07E+033,33E+021,60E-011,44E+032,70E+031,05E+01
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,48E-011,48E-012,37E-021,60E-011,02E-011,92E-017,48E-04
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq2,31E+032,30E+033,69E+021,60E-011,59E+033,00E+031,17E+01
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,20E+053,19E+055,12E+041,60E-012,21E+054,16E+051,62E+03
Water consumptionm38,46E+028,44E+021,35E+021,60E-015,84E+021,10E+034,28E+00
H – CMOS
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq2,07E+032,06E+034,11E+021,99E-011,29E+032,86E+031,30E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq4,91E+044,89E+049,74E+031,99E-013,05E+046,79E+043,08E+02
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,00E+035,98E+031,19E+031,99E-013,73E+038,31E+033,77E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq1,49E+021,49E+022,96E+011,99E-019,28E+012,07E+029,37E-01
Global warmingkg CO2 eq1,81E+051,80E+053,59E+041,99E-011,12E+052,50E+051,14E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,70E+042,69E+045,36E+031,99E-011,68E+043,74E+041,70E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,30E+052,30E+054,57E+041,99E-011,43E+053,19E+051,45E+03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq3,93E+023,92E+027,80E+011,99E-012,44E+025,44E+022,47E+00
Land usem2a crop eq1,59E+031,59E+033,16E+021,99E-019,91E+022,21E+031,00E+01
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB8,13E+038,11E+031,61E+031,99E-015,05E+031,13E+045,10E+01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq7,35E+007,33E+001,46E+001,99E-014,57E+001,02E+014,61E-02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq1,31E+021,31E+022,61E+011,99E-018,17E+011,82E+028,25E-01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq7,49E+027,47E+021,49E+021,99E-014,66E+021,04E+034,71E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq7,60E+027,58E+021,51E+021,99E-014,73E+021,05E+034,77E+00
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq5,41E-025,39E-021,07E-021,99E-013,36E-027,49E-023,40E-04
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq8,44E+028,41E+021,68E+021,99E-015,25E+021,17E+035,30E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,17E+051,17E+052,32E+041,99E-017,27E+041,62E+057,35E+02
Water consumptionm33,09E+023,08E+026,14E+011,99E-011,92E+024,28E+021,94E+00
K – CCDs
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq5,65E+035,64E+038,94E+021,58E-014,03E+037,38E+032,83E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq1,34E+051,34E+052,12E+041,58E-019,56E+041,75E+056,71E+02
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,64E+041,64E+042,59E+031,58E-011,17E+042,14E+048,21E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq4,08E+024,07E+026,45E+011,58E-012,91E+025,33E+022,04E+00
Global warmingkg CO2 eq4,94E+054,93E+057,82E+041,58E-013,52E+056,45E+052,47E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB7,38E+047,36E+041,17E+041,58E-015,26E+049,64E+043,69E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,30E+056,28E+059,96E+041,58E-014,49E+058,22E+053,15E+03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq1,07E+031,07E+031,70E+021,58E-017,66E+021,40E+035,37E+00
Land usem2a crop eq4,36E+034,35E+036,89E+021,58E-013,11E+035,69E+032,18E+01
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,22E+042,22E+043,51E+031,58E-011,58E+042,90E+041,11E+02
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq2,01E+012,00E+013,18E+001,58E-011,43E+012,62E+011,00E-01
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq3,59E+023,58E+025,68E+011,58E-012,56E+024,69E+021,80E+00
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq2,05E+032,04E+033,24E+021,58E-011,46E+032,67E+031,02E+01
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq2,08E+032,07E+033,29E+021,58E-011,48E+032,71E+031,04E+01
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq1,48E-011,48E-012,34E-021,58E-011,05E-011,93E-017,40E-04
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq2,31E+032,30E+033,65E+021,58E-011,64E+033,01E+031,15E+01
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB3,20E+053,19E+055,06E+041,58E-012,28E+054,17E+051,60E+03
Water consumptionm38,45E+028,43E+021,34E+021,58E-016,03E+021,10E+034,23E+00
K – CMOS
Impact categoryUnitMeanMedianSDCV2,50%97,50%SEM
Fine particulate matter formationkg PM2.5 eq2,11E+032,12E+034,05E+021,92E-011,31E+032,86E+031,28E+01
Fossil resource scarcitykg oil eq5,02E+045,02E+049,61E+031,92E-013,10E+046,79E+043,04E+02
Freshwater ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB6,14E+036,14E+031,18E+031,92E-013,79E+038,30E+033,72E+01
Freshwater eutrophicationkg P eq1,53E+021,53E+022,92E+011,92E-019,43E+012,06E+029,24E-01
Global warmingkg CO2 eq1,85E+051,85E+053,54E+041,92E-011,14E+052,50E+051,12E+03
Human carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,76E+042,76E+045,29E+031,92E-011,71E+043,73E+041,67E+02
Human non-carcinogenic toxicitykg 1,4-DCB2,36E+052,36E+054,51E+041,92E-011,45E+053,19E+051,43E+03
Ionizing radiationkBq Co-60 eq4,02E+024,02E+027,69E+011,92E-012,48E+025,43E+022,43E+00
Land usem2a crop eq1,63E+031,63E+033,12E+021,92E-011,01E+032,20E+039,87E+00
Marine ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB8,31E+038,32E+031,59E+031,92E-015,13E+031,12E+045,03E+01
Marine eutrophicationkg N eq7,51E+007,52E+001,44E+001,92E-014,64E+001,02E+014,55E-02
Mineral resource scarcitykg Cu eq1,34E+021,35E+022,57E+011,92E-018,30E+011,82E+028,14E-01
Ozone formation, Human healthkg NOx eq7,66E+027,67E+021,47E+021,92E-014,73E+021,04E+034,64E+00
Ozone formation, Terrestrial ecosystemskg NOx eq7,77E+027,78E+021,49E+021,92E-014,80E+021,05E+034,71E+00
Stratospheric ozone depletionkg CFC11 eq5,53E-025,54E-021,06E-021,92E-013,42E-027,48E-023,35E-04
Terrestrial acidificationkg SO2 eq8,62E+028,64E+021,65E+021,92E-015,33E+021,17E+035,22E+00
Terrestrial ecotoxicitykg 1,4-DCB1,20E+051,20E+052,29E+041,92E-017,39E+041,62E+057,24E+02
Water consumptionm33,16E+023,17E+026,06E+011,92E-011,95E+024,28E+021,92E+00

UPPER section

The WST views sustainability as a core value

It guides the entire facility and consortium with dedicated, cross-disciplinary group supports this goal by providing guidelines, particularly for the design and construction phases.

Acronyms
TECHNICAL

WST: Wide-field Spectroscopic Telescope

FoV: Field-of-View

IFS: Integral Field Spectrograph

IFU: Integral Field Unit

MOS: Multi-Object Spectrograph

MOS-HR: High-resolution Multi-Object Spectrograph

MOS-LR: Low-resolution Multi-Object Spectrograph

ToO: Targets of Opportunity

INSTITUTES & UNIVERSITIES

AIP: Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam

ANU/Astralis: The Australian National University / Astralis

CRAL/CNRS: Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon / French National Centre for Scientific Research

EPFL: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne

ESO: European Southern Observatory

IA/CAUP: Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences / Centre for Astrophysics of the University of Porto

IASF-MI/INAF: Institute for Space Astrophysics and Cosmic Physics of Milan / National Institute for Astrophysics

IP2I/CNRS: Institute of Physics of the Two Infinities of Lyon / French National Centre for Scientific Research

IRFU/CEA: Institute for Research into the Fundamental Laws of the Universe / French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission

Lagrange/CNRS: Lagrange Laboratory / French National Centre for Scientific Research

LAM/CNRS: Marseille Astrophysics Laboratory / French National Centre for Scientific Research

MAQC/Astralis: Macquarie University / Astralis

NCAC: Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center

OAArcetri/INAF: Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory / National Institute for Astrophysics

OABrera/INAF:Brera Astronomical Observatory / National Institute for Astrophysics

OACapodimonte/INAF: Capodimonte Astronomical Observatory / National Institute for Astrophysics

OASBologna/INAF:Bologna Observatory of Astrophysics and Space Science / National Institute for Astrophysics

UKRI: UK Research and Innovation

UNIBO: University of Bologna

UNIGRO/NOVA: University of Groningen / The Netherlands Research School for Astronomy

UNISYD: The University of Sydney

UNIVIE: University of Vienna

UWA: The University of Western Australia

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This project has received funding from the European Union Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Action under grant agreement no. 101183153 -WST.
Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or European Research Executive Agency (REA). Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.
Official WST Logo
Acronyms
TECHNICAL

WST: Wide-field Spectroscopic Telescope

FoV: Field-of-View

IFS: Integral Field Spectrograph

IFU: Integral Field Unit

MOS: Multi-Object Spectrograph

MOS-HR: High-resolution Multi-Object Spectrograph

MOS-LR: Low-resolution Multi-Object Spectrograph

ToO: Targets of Opportunity

INSTITUTES & UNIVERSITIES

AIP: Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam

ANU/Astralis: The Australian National University / Astralis

CRAL/CNRS: Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon / French National Centre for Scientific Research

EPFL: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne

ESO: European Southern Observatory

IA/CAUP: Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences / Centre for Astrophysics of the University of Porto

IASF-MI/INAF: Institute for Space Astrophysics and Cosmic Physics of Milan / National Institute for Astrophysics

IP2I/CNRS: Institute of Physics of the Two Infinities of Lyon / French National Centre for Scientific Research

IRFU/CEA: Institute for Research into the Fundamental Laws of the Universe / French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission

Lagrange/CNRS: Lagrange Laboratory / French National Centre for Scientific Research

LAM/CNRS: Marseille Astrophysics Laboratory / French National Centre for Scientific Research

MAQC/Astralis: Macquarie University / Astralis

NCAC: Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center

OAArcetri/INAF: Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory / National Institute for Astrophysics

OABrera/INAF:Brera Astronomical Observatory / National Institute for Astrophysics

OACapodimonte/INAF: Capodimonte Astronomical Observatory / National Institute for Astrophysics

OASBologna/INAF:Bologna Observatory of Astrophysics and Space Science / National Institute for Astrophysics

UKRI: UK Research and Innovation

UNIBO: University of Bologna

UNIGRO/NOVA: University of Groningen / The Netherlands Research School for Astronomy

UNISYD: The University of Sydney

UNIVIE: University of Vienna

UWA: The University of Western Australia

Edit Template
ue-logo-h
This project has received funding from the European Union Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Action under grant agreement no. 101183153 -WST.
Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or European Research Executive Agency (REA). Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.
WST